tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5205509819798138522024-03-05T10:25:21.025+02:00Stories from Blue Hill EscapeA collection of tales about life in the remote regions of South Africa, often surveying birds, or analyzing data.Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.comBlogger290125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-28312389855218660932023-04-17T15:29:00.005+02:002023-04-17T15:29:38.624+02:00The African Bird Atlas Project: Citizen Science for Africa
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>The African Bird Atlas Project: Citizen Science for Africa!</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> The SABAP2 project and its extensions into Africa have
reached new audiences keen to contribute to the project, and also use the data.
For scientists and conservationists, it is important to understand the
strengths and limitations of the data provided. It is also important to track
how the data is used, and so stakeholders from across Africa collaborated to
produce an important paper, "The African Bird Atlas Project: a description
of the project and BirdMap data-collection protocol", which is free to
read here:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306525.2022.2125097" target="_blank">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306525.2022.2125097</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The paper focuses on the importance of this project and the
robustness of the data it provides. By harnessing the power of citizen science
across the continent, the African Bird Atlas Project aims to monitor and
understand bird species distribution across the continent. Let's explore why
this paper is significant, why the project is vital for bird conservation, and
how the rigorous data-collection protocol instils confidence in the data.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Importance of the Paper:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The paper is a comprehensive resource that details the project's
objectives, data-collection methods, and protocols, serving as a valuable
reference for researchers and conservationists alike. By outlining the
project's methodology and the extensive vetting process, the paper demonstrates
the reliability of the data generated by the African Bird Atlas Project. This,
in turn, allows for better understanding of bird species distribution and
contributes to effective conservation planning and decision-making.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Significance of the Project:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The African Bird Atlas Project is crucial for several
reasons:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>It fills knowledge gaps in bird distribution
data by engaging citizen scientists to collect data across vast geographical
areas, making it one of the most comprehensive bird atlas projects on the
African continent.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>The project's ongoing nature allows for the
monitoring of changes in bird distribution over time, providing crucial
information about species' responses to climate change, habitat loss, and other
threats.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>It fosters collaboration between various
organizations, institutions, and individuals, enabling efficient data sharing
and promoting coordinated conservation efforts.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>The project raises awareness about bird
conservation by engaging the public in data collection, promoting a sense of
ownership and responsibility for the protection of bird species and their
habitats.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Confidence in the Data:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The data provided by the African Bird Atlas Project is
reliable due to its meticulous data-collection protocol and extensive vetting
process. The project has a well-defined protocol for data collection, ensuring
consistency and accuracy in the information gathered by citizen scientists. A
multi-layered vetting process, involving the SABAP2 Steering Committee,
Regional Atlas Committees, and various levels of validation, gives confidence
to the accuracy of bird sightings and range data, even if it is not always
perfect. The project has a strong foundation of collaboration between experts
and local participants, ensuring data quality and continuous improvement in
data collection and analysis methodologies.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Conclusion:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The African Bird Atlas Project is a shining example of the
power of citizen science in bird conservation. The recent paper detailing the
project's data-collection protocol highlights the importance of this
initiative, its significance in understanding bird species distribution, and
the reasons behind our confidence in the data it provides. By engaging the
public in data collection and promoting collaboration between experts, the
project has the potential to make a lasting impact on bird conservation efforts
across the African continent.</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB1_ffbR0XoNfPWSp8JohjV4sADd98DwyOG8nCczS1WNnB-9u8RBlQtPSSYswkFOP7VVh4YCI5XlDHWNB1ZDAmiUR7CfYy_XuhACK5SbNPnmdGuI4haZPEfS1lVE9owP1LaW8XGNc-YiwcHs94M4weQ_BnDpaiKIiPXEJbg5jFQkJRcooxZDb5DCu9eA/s4624/20230317_121105.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3468" data-original-width="4624" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB1_ffbR0XoNfPWSp8JohjV4sADd98DwyOG8nCczS1WNnB-9u8RBlQtPSSYswkFOP7VVh4YCI5XlDHWNB1ZDAmiUR7CfYy_XuhACK5SbNPnmdGuI4haZPEfS1lVE9owP1LaW8XGNc-YiwcHs94M4weQ_BnDpaiKIiPXEJbg5jFQkJRcooxZDb5DCu9eA/w400-h300/20230317_121105.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">David Maphisa looking for birds in Lesotho<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </p>
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<![endif]-->Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-54281789037899496462022-04-07T07:28:00.001+02:002022-04-07T08:37:15.356+02:00Hofmeyr atlas bash with kids<p class="MsoNormal"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
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<![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Although a
formal report has been written on the atlassing bash at the small Karoo town of
Hofmeyr, I have decided to also recall a few memories of the events here on my
blog, partly because that weekend was also a weekend away for me and my
children, Elena and Charlie.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The working
week had been an eventful one. BirdLife South Africa had hosted an in-person
staff meeting at the De Hoop nature reserve, in the Western Cape. The meeting
had been called on short notice and I had already agreed to join my fellow
birding enthusiasts in the Eastern Cape for the birding bash. That bash had
been a dream of legendary Alan Collet for several years, however between
pandemic lockdowns and increasing frailty, Alan had decided not to organise it.
Another Karoo birding legend, Tino Herselman, decided to pick up the reins and
the invite was sent to a select few atlassing stalwarts with Karoo birds
experience. The staff meeting would mean that my journey to join the expedition
would involve a much longer road trip than originally planned.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">On the
Friday I exited the gates of De Hoop at roughly 6:00 AM, arriving at Blue Hill Escape
just after 11:00 AM. A few hours were required to pack the Suzuki Jimny with
provisions and children’s entertainment for the weekend. My wife, who had been
on babysitting duties all week, would not be joining us. Our adventure to Hofmeyr
began shortly after lunch: after stopping for fuel in Willowmore, we encountered
our first swarms of locusts. This past summer the Karoo has been plagued by
immense swarms, partly the price of the good rains over the past year. Normally
the N9 between Willowmore and Aberdeen can be driven at 120 plus, but this is
not possible with locusts as the windscreen soon becomes smeared with yellow,
sticky, stinky invertebrates’ entrails. A safe driving speed is 80 or below.
Still, we had to stop and clear the mat of macabre heads, wings and spikey legs
from the vehicle’s front grates. In both Aberdeen and Willowmore piles of
locusts were associated with the petrol stations. The Engen at Willowmore had
recruited extra hands for window washing duties.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Beyond
Graaf Reinett the locust swarms diminished, and we were able to resume normal
driving speed. However, we had to navigate the road from Cradock to Hofmeyr in
the dark, an interesting stretch of road involving the dodging of trucks, potholes,
and scrub-hares. Just past Hofmeyr, and our expected arrival time, Tino give us
a call to check that we were alright. He had kindly left the remote guest
house, without cell phone reception, to escort us through the maze of bumpy
farm tracks. The group’s accommodation was a lovely old-style farmhouse guarded
by turkeys and Great Danes. With Eli and Charlie soon in bed, it was time to
review the poster size battle maps end booklets of pentads that Tino had
prepared.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaQUqtsgf-fIPF-ziyD6xRXC84o-Khl27xw0wJnlhZ2dSXX3_FC_kjsxDdisLDTF2Epf_7S4Oba7ykF3Jbn9vvf7XbhviSfHo_rjxAPsQfvgnYAZzfk4SjTlu3DV_gEErDLPnRWoqjLbTmSs1qlp09Y_2bIU4wWIYLJ-5gyf_rxHni8J2a0vqk-xOs5g/s4160/IMG_20220321_105539.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3120" data-original-width="4160" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaQUqtsgf-fIPF-ziyD6xRXC84o-Khl27xw0wJnlhZ2dSXX3_FC_kjsxDdisLDTF2Epf_7S4Oba7ykF3Jbn9vvf7XbhviSfHo_rjxAPsQfvgnYAZzfk4SjTlu3DV_gEErDLPnRWoqjLbTmSs1qlp09Y_2bIU4wWIYLJ-5gyf_rxHni8J2a0vqk-xOs5g/s320/IMG_20220321_105539.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZpb6NImTilH62ZZMeESy_6LYpp2iar0NFJzZ9Mfm74FIgHD60r6srQUxk7zPwFpWDQrM5n51J773iLMyZTf9xVw6CmJriuTLYVX06S6fHbF_6ir2dFpbuwzFUx-9Gd0Q3fe7oDubmmusMzOLTRNWnHu2mFkgPinhYQRwWUaielkNlh94ahK1C_YTRvw/s4160/IMG_20220320_083826.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3120" data-original-width="4160" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZpb6NImTilH62ZZMeESy_6LYpp2iar0NFJzZ9Mfm74FIgHD60r6srQUxk7zPwFpWDQrM5n51J773iLMyZTf9xVw6CmJriuTLYVX06S6fHbF_6ir2dFpbuwzFUx-9Gd0Q3fe7oDubmmusMzOLTRNWnHu2mFkgPinhYQRwWUaielkNlh94ahK1C_YTRvw/s320/IMG_20220320_083826.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj294y2Tcz2VP4DCl6KcqsJ9_Lno81A82JjwrJW7db5id4chOIe4U7h5rykI9vZl87ytWO1GblWk8bPVRYHnSFQOLmNj1CGjGtSZYmJoM8qQjY6ho2C2GL8ctTvHL-tStnqIwcxtksTblTzsp6cMYZH-YlqQXRcanWt5xEHYpa18sciOf5GiamdZ52aAg/s4160/IMG_20220320_061843.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3120" data-original-width="4160" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj294y2Tcz2VP4DCl6KcqsJ9_Lno81A82JjwrJW7db5id4chOIe4U7h5rykI9vZl87ytWO1GblWk8bPVRYHnSFQOLmNj1CGjGtSZYmJoM8qQjY6ho2C2GL8ctTvHL-tStnqIwcxtksTblTzsp6cMYZH-YlqQXRcanWt5xEHYpa18sciOf5GiamdZ52aAg/s320/IMG_20220320_061843.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZZBnsiyiQJyNI0cR3fXYMCfhm2my_-I1voSfFprwyq0UMbzjD5GaNzcpMTa7qIAlLy9UBXF5og4uclnUl-8w2_2xmP0yZ4_wXcvMTGDeb1SSxoBFErlWmHafsUWqsE6HGfdQhmTb1YzH_Iu-UrK1VgDN35Pnp4fHvT2Lnf_TFjFYYCd09qH6knqCvfA/s4160/IMG_20220319_134521.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4160" data-original-width="3120" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZZBnsiyiQJyNI0cR3fXYMCfhm2my_-I1voSfFprwyq0UMbzjD5GaNzcpMTa7qIAlLy9UBXF5og4uclnUl-8w2_2xmP0yZ4_wXcvMTGDeb1SSxoBFErlWmHafsUWqsE6HGfdQhmTb1YzH_Iu-UrK1VgDN35Pnp4fHvT2Lnf_TFjFYYCd09qH6knqCvfA/s320/IMG_20220319_134521.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5bWJCCIKO4y9fvEpsO7IX_cAkT6Q0nJUId7boy-Z33rtv4r2nc5QHeoQWbnwt5N4QuKO4Fjta6MO2qZxaSVcQDPtLkdW7Pc3PMYgJ0CaxNJ3C6KlXzuKgKbhEMRy5nOFL7K_hgjDli4EyCfpsTDErAv35RD3XWIIduR1eQ5HAlTSyuSmdmjlPbJ5hOg/s4160/IMG_20220318_180530.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3120" data-original-width="4160" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5bWJCCIKO4y9fvEpsO7IX_cAkT6Q0nJUId7boy-Z33rtv4r2nc5QHeoQWbnwt5N4QuKO4Fjta6MO2qZxaSVcQDPtLkdW7Pc3PMYgJ0CaxNJ3C6KlXzuKgKbhEMRy5nOFL7K_hgjDli4EyCfpsTDErAv35RD3XWIIduR1eQ5HAlTSyuSmdmjlPbJ5hOg/s320/IMG_20220318_180530.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Eli and
Charlie did not complain about their 4:30 AM wake up call, we would need the
time to navigate the hellish road between Hofmeyr and Tarkastad. Although this
is marked as a main road on all maps, it is a dirt road that has not seen
maintenance for many years. Littered with potholes and trenches, it was
hazardous driving. Nonetheless we reached our target pentad on time at the
crack of dawn. Charlie and Eli would take turns assisting me spot birds and enter
what we had seen into BirdLasser. On paper our four pentads formed a neat
square with a loop through them that conveniently passed Tarkastad at the time
required for a refuelling stop for humans and vehicle. Our journey until then
had rewarded us with many interesting birds, many of which I knew would require
photographic evidence to be believed. These included Dusky Indigobird,
White-faced Whistling Ducks, Scimitarbill, House Martin and Willow Warbler. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Our
afternoon took us along the back road to Commando Drift dam. This beautiful route
winds through rocky mountains and savanna. However, our through route back home
was blocked by locked gates, and so we would retrace our steps. This was not
all bad, a landowner had given us permission to survey on his land, which
included rivers and dams and owls. Despite rain and sticky roads, we would get
back to the farmhouse well in time for our braai and observe Salome and Tino’s
anxiety at the absence of Stefan Theron. Stefan’s day has been epic, including an
ascent of some of the highest peaks to record Drakensberg Rockjumper and forest
birds of the mountain slopes. He would get back only past 8 pm. His day would
be rivalled by Henk Nel and Rudi Minnie, who had recorded two rarities:
Icterine Warbler and Common Whitethroat. Round the fire, chit chat and gossip
alert one to birds in the area not on one’s mental radar to keep an eye out for
the following day. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">On paper, the
pentads I had chosen for Sunday looked easy to do. The first one was
immediately adjacent to the home pentad, and I selected this so that certain
members of my birding party could have just a little more sleep. This pentad
had been abandoned by Chris and Felicity the day before as access was more
difficult then indicated. It would be even more difficult on the day of the
survey as the rains had turned normally hard red dirt into a mix of glue and
quicksand. Charlie and I abandoned the Jimny to walk through the tiny section
of pentad this side of a formidable game fence. Eli chose to stay in the car
and read Harry Potter. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">It would be
leaving the pentad that would result in the day's biggest adventure: getting
stuck in the mud. Our journey past a windmill had churned up mud which trapped
us as we attempted to exit. It would be half an hour of wheel spinning,
digging, stick and rock packing before we became unstuck. After coffee and wash
at the farmhouse we attempted to enter the pentad via a farm track from the
western side, again, a locked gate blocked our way. As we pondered hiking in, a
beat him up bakkie approached. Despite our attempts to explain what we wanted
to do, this was a landowner who would not grant us access. We would later
discover the property was owned by an infamous right-wing group known as the Zuidelanders.
The rest of our day was less eventful, thankfully. Our afternoon pentad was
associated with grassy plains dotted with Blue Cranes and a Secretarybird. With
only 3 pentads under the belt for the day, we would arrive back early enough to
start the evening fire. Pearls of wisdom included Rudi’s explanation that you’ll
only remember a bird after you’ve had a spiritual moment with it.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Monday was
a public holiday, but there was no rest for any of us. Everyone was up early to
wrap up the expedition and start the long, long journeys home: Chris, Felicity
and Salome especially. Stefan and I selected a more leisurely start by building
the home pentad. We got to enjoy the site of Scimitarbill pair feeding their chicks
in a cavity of a Willow tree, and I was rewarded with an out-of-range Green
winged Pytilia. Eventually though, our routes would have to take us through the
locust swarms back home.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">When Charlie was asked if he enjoyed it and what the highlight was: He did, and the highlight was the Rock Monitor on the road. <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdxYJNVMcTD7jrHAG0eHn2GdYesMf0xuYffnAbWan22oasVkjydON9PengS6nIpu_rg_IRMQLwmqv_PglwgUgyqdIEf9FHRN7J60dSziRKK7G6seHiaCXySFCtPPQP4vQ4tnDHs0X52ZNyuOqNm6CI1TxiBeswk5Jm2_xp4IxkCN3pueyYJPp3t30_2A/s2018/Diederick%20Cuckoo.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1412" data-original-width="2018" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdxYJNVMcTD7jrHAG0eHn2GdYesMf0xuYffnAbWan22oasVkjydON9PengS6nIpu_rg_IRMQLwmqv_PglwgUgyqdIEf9FHRN7J60dSziRKK7G6seHiaCXySFCtPPQP4vQ4tnDHs0X52ZNyuOqNm6CI1TxiBeswk5Jm2_xp4IxkCN3pueyYJPp3t30_2A/s320/Diederick%20Cuckoo.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-90873323656357534472021-12-28T06:56:00.000+02:002021-12-28T06:56:10.088+02:00The Lee family summary of 2021<p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">2021 will
best be remembered for Delta and Omicron and the associated chaos. The year
started sedately in our isolated paradise, and we did alright all considering. We
seemed to spend a good deal of the year waiting for our chance to get vaccinated
and were rather amazed that so many people would rather not. Anja continued to
work her translation contracts, allowing a steady income as our guest house
continued to stand empty. Her highlight may well have been a visit by her
parents during one of the ‘waves’, with them getting back to Germany just
before the heinous travel restrictions due to Omicron. Shania also made it out
from the UK during the lull, showering us all with presents. Chris and Elaine continued to
provide invaluable family support, although age continues to be a nuisance, and
neither are very mobile anymore. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Elena
started an online curriculum with a school based in George which follows the
Cambridge curriculum, with fees sponsored by Chris. Rather than the ad hoc
lessons I had provided during 2020, Rundle College provided a timetable and
work material that we printed off and worked through during the day. Where
possible Charlie also engaged in this schoolwork and was a willing classmate
for group activities. Both continue to enjoy their dance classes, their only formal extra-mural activity as our karate group has folded. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Probably
the biggest highlight of the year for me was receiving the news that the Ostrich
journal had surpassed an impact factor of 1 for the first time in its 90 year
history. This milestone was what I had been working towards since taking over
the editorship in 2016.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Halfway
through the year another momentous event occurred: I had applied for the Science
and Innovation programme manager position at BirdLife South Africa and after a
tough application process learned that I had obtained the position. The best
part of this is I get to work from home: this may not have been possible prior
to Covid-19 induced lockdowns. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Anja kindly
agreed to take over the role of home tutor in addition to her work while I
immersed myself in my new job. I have long been indirectly affiliated with BirdLife
South Africa, having worked closely with the organisation during my
postdoctoral years with the FitzPatrick Institute, and then contracted to
survey the Karoo biome, and through the editorship of the organisation’s
journal: Ostrich. However, it is an honour to be working for and with well
respected names in South Africa’s avian conservation landscape: specifically,
Hanneline Smit-Robinson and Ernst Retief. The position is sponsored by Ekapa
Minerals, based out of Kimberley, and there were two epic road trips up there
to meet stakeholders and team members.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The past 6
months with BLSA has been a whirlwind of activity: we have focused activities
around redoing the Eskom Red Data Book of Birds. However, fundraising
activities continue to be a major slice of time and source of uncertainty.
Highlights have been that I have been able to initiate a ringing training group
with stakeholders of the I Love Nature Gym. The Uniondale Fitness Club associated
with that has sadly become inactive due to the various lockdown restrictions:
only a few members still visit regularly. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Another
major initiative is the creation of the Indigenous Names for South African
Birds (INSAB). With Andrew de Blocq, we have organised a working group, the aim
of which is to create unique names for all South Africa’s birds in all its
languages. We aim to have workshops during 2022 in Zulu and Northern Sotho to
complete these tasks, with groundwork by Adrian Koopman and his team, as well
as Johan Meyer, the group’s chair. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">I managed
to do a bit of local travel: a SABAP2 bash to Britstown early in the year, and
the epic hike up Mannetjiesberg for Charlie’s birthday. That hike was preceded
by many hikes on Blue Hill Nature Reserve. Our family trip for the year was
combined with work: we all headed to the Tankwa Karoo National Park for a recce
for a student research project with Susie Cunningham. After that, we spent five
days at Haarwegskloof in the Overberg, where Anja and the kids played games and
went for walks in the Renosterveld, while I spent all day looking for Agulhas
Long-billed Lark nests for MSc student Sanjo Rose. A day out to Potberg to see
the Cape Vultures coming in to roost was memorable. Later in the year, I
assisted with the Honorary Ranger’s birding weekend at Karoo National Park,
where Eli won another recognition for her photography. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Meanwhile,
the last part of 2021 has also seen reasonable rains at Blue Hill and good
rains across the Karoo. The year started too dry to keep honeybush seedlings we
had planted alive, but late spring rains has seen a steady flowering,
especially of the succulents, through the early summer. Surrounded by green
hills and flowers certainly puts one in an optimistic mood for 2022. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiFcSgk-6m8CrS2XmZoYcQbgIPmJ2EgM6A6n7NelbtRx2So3ySkLs3XNYp9PGg3T-OoPmYnWwk2XdgLdc-xzzQNJ_Y9lmErIzT8VT7cjOxNdmyuGvNZtcvMfHf5f3FccQDi8w0zfVaGR2ugZFCuUZtHjlhBMIC1NfH40K_dxL96gTlVf7yPGeX-jtLKkg=s600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiFcSgk-6m8CrS2XmZoYcQbgIPmJ2EgM6A6n7NelbtRx2So3ySkLs3XNYp9PGg3T-OoPmYnWwk2XdgLdc-xzzQNJ_Y9lmErIzT8VT7cjOxNdmyuGvNZtcvMfHf5f3FccQDi8w0zfVaGR2ugZFCuUZtHjlhBMIC1NfH40K_dxL96gTlVf7yPGeX-jtLKkg=s16000" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEimQrNLoUfQWbY1H5STKAx9024zzoyySCanqPFOqBgZ2dvK0W-tbrcRbIyoFciWvBxh1TXpGlndBJJ1rl_B7j8w2k5SDnCQIpkfUnP44wHWZcpLjYrEwSBcNMY-Yx_txfbRnF4vqR1m6Bx0zSk81iA8bmYPkU_fdVYsKj7DMuLF1eWNWpue9-WJ-1CDmQ=s600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEimQrNLoUfQWbY1H5STKAx9024zzoyySCanqPFOqBgZ2dvK0W-tbrcRbIyoFciWvBxh1TXpGlndBJJ1rl_B7j8w2k5SDnCQIpkfUnP44wHWZcpLjYrEwSBcNMY-Yx_txfbRnF4vqR1m6Bx0zSk81iA8bmYPkU_fdVYsKj7DMuLF1eWNWpue9-WJ-1CDmQ=s16000" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2BYKK5FtSSjPFXljOVvx-C74tnKkdN7XKW32RgDAVuuSU-IL6Rj7HfZevS44iehBRw7FTpfW2yN9_1hlanE2upDg-Qx7U2HYaOD7QsssPoC22wIb6E33VLcuaTwSyWDsl8Kzj4209h60vBH7dEfcqsam_sI4uwl5ZkFp33Tlizxaf_SZZ9m8QcBExog=s600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; 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margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhhtm3ucJ8FOXWk62FamioEYUusmEr92B4ofUMb8oLrnaegWL9wyxOrtiGuc2wyUtIE2CbzJt79waIf8FZCJ7b90GRAs245fORxHd2cXkp6z6GfB86WChYMoE7vCDq5-0ymMqD7lKqhuO3KmwNq2qVAve83P8lJXfC0zzYPBhQgofaA56uu1OnwccLqSw=s16000" title="Camping in Haarwegskloof" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgC6XD5WsZIdn1jXr8Mrm1UtqA79Z-bK479oftvQEphXj-eBn_E137pX4nWNEm_lXaSBCw7j7t-XJJsZB9g1WouoXnRH5IBopwkDXM0GWqyBJ-vfFRVWOCFGD8DUW9zXVP90Nq9mym7KeYPa5DOyslm_9F1u2t0Oz5sZQAUhXtqqkQJqglS4s2XpNlowQ=s600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgC6XD5WsZIdn1jXr8Mrm1UtqA79Z-bK479oftvQEphXj-eBn_E137pX4nWNEm_lXaSBCw7j7t-XJJsZB9g1WouoXnRH5IBopwkDXM0GWqyBJ-vfFRVWOCFGD8DUW9zXVP90Nq9mym7KeYPa5DOyslm_9F1u2t0Oz5sZQAUhXtqqkQJqglS4s2XpNlowQ=s16000" title="Family time in the Tankwa" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXqZNqoHEvjKFBKTLt6u7BTd83m3GLY9LbF_F0OJfwWED3Bl-nSQo6rAzentHkABsR0S37V3Ejsm7LcTMuitgupKQs-3Ivt0Mm2tn07KfKc9H1meeqwYlLXEgfjDi-2C7Y9BNIoUpnvr6JItdAQqWWsqpiBCemp8vbNQEcfgKUPTMkLkYMhfVGBLLD1w=s16000" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEin4mHmjqYZJ4JbRSzCF1e0EnqQwiXHZ_4GBmQEu1t_zcL4-Egog8MVWU-FD_Aq6J5isjgpPqGN9siWoX7n8jdBYqTe0uWqhtYk2r-uNhC8eSJ6SC6SC1bZwtji5hjdm4hx7jx341mGA8tWyIigfMbQxeLnKAJyxjY_8jlAtY0KvIicbEQ7qSgxbZWjcw=s600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEin4mHmjqYZJ4JbRSzCF1e0EnqQwiXHZ_4GBmQEu1t_zcL4-Egog8MVWU-FD_Aq6J5isjgpPqGN9siWoX7n8jdBYqTe0uWqhtYk2r-uNhC8eSJ6SC6SC1bZwtji5hjdm4hx7jx341mGA8tWyIigfMbQxeLnKAJyxjY_8jlAtY0KvIicbEQ7qSgxbZWjcw=s16000" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiSPFsNSMqGL80lrJfp0x8mFvlfIIEbvqVcgHttdhjvsZrq7Oc2yNC2oQ45jBM58NHJiezyfCyD_H9KhYVSnSTrBSqzHrxkNT4Vl5VBVfhbh3cLRqYF46rUE9-B3FdmQqn-j_A6SskdvBdSdfvTWNhSTDCw3KrrhRemLwaeuf6uMTrLeZPQK-70b_eKTg=s600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiSPFsNSMqGL80lrJfp0x8mFvlfIIEbvqVcgHttdhjvsZrq7Oc2yNC2oQ45jBM58NHJiezyfCyD_H9KhYVSnSTrBSqzHrxkNT4Vl5VBVfhbh3cLRqYF46rUE9-B3FdmQqn-j_A6SskdvBdSdfvTWNhSTDCw3KrrhRemLwaeuf6uMTrLeZPQK-70b_eKTg=s16000" title="Delaio, Caitleen and Walie are the new ringer trainers" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiqpH35Xma5TbRT1GhxkzJa28eYZNYKYCCIjEjtXfJ7CqJN6Fei2LcOUXho2n5Wng7do2gGCdI4uLbJAFk8Aqz22emQ8Jezs0O6l84govN1_JSuAVdHd28UGbx_0-mcn2iYYOpv05cFuoGk0EFNzWJ4q4fk7wtPZp6Fi8CHWBoPc-ocJkvSV_582DCSiA=s600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="417" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiqpH35Xma5TbRT1GhxkzJa28eYZNYKYCCIjEjtXfJ7CqJN6Fei2LcOUXho2n5Wng7do2gGCdI4uLbJAFk8Aqz22emQ8Jezs0O6l84govN1_JSuAVdHd28UGbx_0-mcn2iYYOpv05cFuoGk0EFNzWJ4q4fk7wtPZp6Fi8CHWBoPc-ocJkvSV_582DCSiA=s16000" title="Celebrating Bird of the Year and a new family member Sunny the Meerkat" /></a></div><br /> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiRo0SSYrrDQAI9FMlG8cgmE1z6VsrHdD9QCPjCL6-FxZU-tz0vDsz7lcpXm_Po3pywPhnyrOzJ5kf7MGM1agmjsd86kkg-2AcWNxY3f5ulnBxl5RpratLgeczsgAubIYILNHD1CMxQ_IVkr9g6vYfgBhR9S5r0YGZMaFADk787RciywZ9-qoZ4ZsdbWw=s600" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiRo0SSYrrDQAI9FMlG8cgmE1z6VsrHdD9QCPjCL6-FxZU-tz0vDsz7lcpXm_Po3pywPhnyrOzJ5kf7MGM1agmjsd86kkg-2AcWNxY3f5ulnBxl5RpratLgeczsgAubIYILNHD1CMxQ_IVkr9g6vYfgBhR9S5r0YGZMaFADk787RciywZ9-qoZ4ZsdbWw=s16000" title="The year appears to have started and ended with a rainbow" /></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-90738221287629697332021-08-19T07:44:00.000+02:002021-08-19T07:45:33.290+02:00The quest for covid vaccination side effects<p> </p><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">I had been working hard for six weeks solid. I needed some time<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">off but</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>did not want to dip into those valuable annual leave days. How could I do this? Pulling a sickie these days is<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">pretty difficult</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">, doctors charge so much<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">for</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">their</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>notes.</span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"></span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">My wife had been anxious for some time now to get the COVID 19 vaccination. In our remote rural setting, access had not been straight<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">forward,</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>and we had been waiting weeks despite registering via the official channels. Meanwhile,<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Anja</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">'s family had all been vaccinated in Germany and had returned to a normal life. We were all suffering from vaccine envy.</span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"></span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">While we were suffering from vaccine<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">envy</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">, it appear</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">ed</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>as though those around us were suffering from vaccine hesitancy. Several of our acquaintances from our neighbourhood had expressed concerns about vaccine side effects. One lady</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>who has worked for us for a long time</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>told me that there were two types of vaccines. I was quite impressed with this knowledge. She then went on to elaborate that there was one that helps you and one that kills you.</span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"></span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">I had to point out that my parents had been vaccinated<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">the</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>previous month and were still not dead.<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">A</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">s the stories from those who had been vaccinated rolled in it appeared that they were some side effects: sore muscles, fatigue, headaches, flat tyres, and generally anything else for which an excuse was needed.</span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"></span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Perhaps then</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>getting the vaccine could get me a few legitimate days off. I craft</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">i</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">ly scheduled an</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">appointment for the middle of the week, expecting some side effects that would knock off Thursday an</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">d</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>Friday. I called the clinic in George to see if we would be able to make an appointment. There had been a lot on the news about the lack of vaccine uptake and empty vaccination centres and I was not surprised when the receptionist I spoke to said we could drop in anytime during the<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">morning</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">.</span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">The following day, Anja had paracetamol laid out on the table to prevent<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">headaches and</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>asked if I wanted one pre-emptively. I pointed out I was doing this all for the side effects, and that under no circumstances would I be taking a paracetamol.<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Knowing that a sore arm was a standard symptom, I did penetrate the aura of guilt and abandonment that my home gym constantly emits for a quick work out. </span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">As my wife drove us down to George, I scan</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">ned</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>through the headlines of News 24. One of the articles of the day was about a vocal anti<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: var(--urlSpellingErrorV2,url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz4KPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNXB4IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjRweCIgdmlld0JveD0iMCAwIDUgNCIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIj4KICAgIDwhLS0gR2VuZXJhdG9yOiBTa2V0Y2ggNTYuMiAoODE2NzIpIC0gaHR0cHM6Ly9za2V0Y2guY29tIC0tPgogICAgPHRpdGxlPnNwZWxsaW5nX3NxdWlnZ2xlPC90aXRsZT4KICAgIDxkZXNjPkNyZWF0ZWQgd2l0aCBTa2V0Y2guPC9kZXNjPgogICAgPGcgaWQ9IkZsYWdzIiBzdHJva2U9Im5vbmUiIHN0cm9rZS13aWR0aD0iMSIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSIgZmlsbC1ydWxlPSJldmVub2RkIj4KICAgICAgICA8ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtMTAxMC4wMDAwMDAsIC0yOTYuMDAwMDAwKSIgaWQ9InNwZWxsaW5nX3NxdWlnZ2xlIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgPGcgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoMTAxMC4wMDAwMDAsIDI5Ni4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxwYXRoIGQ9Ik0wLDMgQzEuMjUsMyAxLjI1LDEgMi41LDEgQzMuNzUsMSAzLjc1LDMgNSwzIiBpZD0iUGF0aCIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjRUIwMDAwIiBzdHJva2Utd2lkdGg9IjEiPjwvcGF0aD4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxyZWN0IGlkPSJSZWN0YW5nbGUiIHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSI1IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjQiPjwvcmVjdD4KICAgICAgICAgICAgPC9nPgogICAgICAgIDwvZz4KICAgIDwvZz4KPC9zdmc+")); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">vax</span><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: var(--urlSpellingErrorV2,url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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")); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">xer</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>are who had decided to get vaccinated after all. When we arrived at the vaccination centre, it was like a scene from the Kabul airport. There was a long queue of people around the clinic, which I could only presume were those anti<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: var(--urlSpellingErrorV2,url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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")); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">vaxxers</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>who had suddenly realised they have been abandoned by their leader. Among the elderly queuing up for their second shots, there was now also a ragtag bunch of nervous</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>shaven headed</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>tattooed</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>middle</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">-</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">aged people who likely digested information from alternative herbal based websites</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>sponsored by Harley Davidson</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">.</span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"></span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Over the next few hours</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>we navigated our way through the clinic in an elaborate game of musical chairs. Eventually we found ourselves in the room with needle wielding nurses.</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>I<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">must</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>admit to being underwhelmed by the size of the needle and vile which contained the<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">lifesaving</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>serum of Pfizer</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">-</span><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: var(--urlSpellingErrorV2,url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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")); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">B</span><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-image: var(--urlSpellingErrorV2,url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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")); background-position: left bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">iontech</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">. The nurse explained to me the possible side effects associated with the vaccine</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">:</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>headaches and possibly more severe symptoms that might require a visit to a doctor. I nodded in eager anticipation.<span> </span></span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" lang="EN-US" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">The injection was over<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">in a<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">blink</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>and we</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>were herded</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>to the waiting area where people are obliged to spend 15 minutes under observation to make sure there are no adverse effects</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">.</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">T</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">he open area was full of people drinking coffee</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>eating buns</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>checking</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">phones. There was a disappointing lack of people<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">passing out or<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">requiring medical attention. After my coffee</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>and feeling fine,</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>I attempted<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">to<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">depart the waiting area only to be stopped by a nurse who would not allow me to leave because I had lost my sticky tag of paper which gave the time of my inoculation</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>and confirmed<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">I’d served my limited quarantine time</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">. I had to be rescued by<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Anja</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">. </span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">“I must be getting absent minded because of the vaccine!”</span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">“How interesting that<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">this side effect started before you got the vaccine this morning when you left your<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">bag</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>at home”</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>said Anja dryly.</span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Anja</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>went off to do some shopping while I waited in the car to catch up on emails. After a while I notice</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">d</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>that I was hot and sweating. Finally,<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">another</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">one of the symptoms was kicking in. I felt most pleased. Shortly,<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Anja</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>returned</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>started the car</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>turned on the air conditioning, and commented:<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">“</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">I</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">t is hot in here, isn't it?</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">”</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">.</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">Was</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>my side effect just a result of sitting in a car that had been standing in the sun</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">, while<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">forgetting to take off my jacket</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">?</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>While taking it off I was pleased to note that both my arms were sore, not just the one I’d been injected in. Clearly the pre-emptive early morning workout had been a good idea.</span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">During the drive home I tried to explain to my wife the benefits of hierarchical sampling methods for detection-non detection data and the finer points of spatial distribution modelling. She started yawning. I started yawning. Clearly, we were getting tired! Another side effect!<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">That night she would also complain about a headache, despite the paracetamol. Disappointingly, mine never materialised. </span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></span></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">But that was okay, because on the last section of the drive home, I had the coolest side effect of all.<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">I couldn’t believe my eyes.<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">I stared down the</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>muddy road to the rain clouds over the distance mountains.<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">I rubbed my eyes</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">, but</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span> </span>it was still happening: the road had turned into a rainbow.</span><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"></span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: white; clear: both; color: black; cursor: text; direction: ltr; font-family: "Segoe UI", "Segoe UI Web", Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; user-select: text; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxzte-Ot7c_J9L0yyMIKax_7vD1P1YtHfN5Y-jpVKMFdsyVip7oJLz2So5T9ocAhocBjZi3zsaPTi2MelRMz0AgD2N-6lqFUgYrp2O-XtTMIKPtBw8ZVWw09lBoz1e5Ej2ARzv4Fei6Mjd/s2048/IMG_20210818_154728+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxzte-Ot7c_J9L0yyMIKax_7vD1P1YtHfN5Y-jpVKMFdsyVip7oJLz2So5T9ocAhocBjZi3zsaPTi2MelRMz0AgD2N-6lqFUgYrp2O-XtTMIKPtBw8ZVWw09lBoz1e5Ej2ARzv4Fei6Mjd/w400-h300/IMG_20210818_154728+%25282%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p class="Paragraph BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; background-color: transparent; color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-GB" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;">For some reason, I never got my day off. </span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; 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color: windowtext; font-kerning: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-contrast="auto" lang="EN-ZA" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"><span class="NormalTextRun BCX8 SCXW120759945" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"></span></span><span class="EOP BCX8 SCXW120759945" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":160,"335559740":259}" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; -webkit-user-drag: none; font-family: Calibri, Calibri_EmbeddedFont, Calibri_MSFontService, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 19.425px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;"> <br /></span></p></div>Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-1472185533254136332021-08-11T04:35:00.002+02:002021-08-11T04:37:52.277+02:00Just another problem with Bayesian statistical programs<p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p>
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">As someone
who uses the R coding statistical environment lots, I much prefer frequentist
methods for analyzing datasets. Generalized linear models or just linear models
and more complicated things like GAMs, run really fast in R. Literally as soon
as you press enter on the keyboard in most cases. And sometimes even before you
push enter on the keyboard because you accidentally brushed the mouse pad or
pushed some random key combination that magically made it all work.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> For anyone
who's trying to solve the problem of the likelihood of you having an illness
because a test came back positive for that illness but with the background
knowledge that there are false positives and false negatives for a test will be
aware that probability is far from straightforward or intuitive. You have to
subtract some things from each other and divide it by the other things and
sometimes you swap the order of those things around. It is about as intuitive
as trying to just eat the holes in Swiss cheese. Like most normal people I will
fail to solve these probability problems unless the correct formula is written
down next to me from some cheatsheet and I have a computer to plug the proper
values into.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Bayesian
statistical programs in R are even worse. Bayesian statistical programs run on
multiple iterations of complicated probability surfaces. Running even simple
formula in them takes a rather long time. But the first challenge is to install
one. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My recent experience at attempting
to install code submitted in reproducible formats for a peer reviewed journal made
me realize that installing Bayesian statistical libraries is a bit like
throwing a dart at a dartboard, where things only work if you hit the bulls eye.
Except it is based on the prior assumption that you are holding a dart. Then
when you throw the dart it turns out you were actually holding a Bunny. And
this leads to all sorts of philosophical conundrums and dead ends and circular
thinking. Am I allowed to throw bunnies at dartboards? Should I now be throwing
the board at the bunny? But I don’t want rabbit for dinner, all I wanted to do
was play darts! Or was it install JAGs? Then I get stuck in 10000 iterations of
tangential meanderings over probability surfaces that look like dartboards
created either using LSD or a randomization function applied to
RColorBrewer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I emerged
from it all burnt out after a too long burn in period, and much reduced
self-confidence intervals. While I have so far frequently solved my analytical
problems, I fear that I can no longer run away from the Bayesian hounds closing
in. I really hope that when they catch me, they turn out just to be baying bunnies. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX6cLTnLkra7dgeMYXJRuRyQ_GpzghEbsdpSKcIHPCFg0BjH-VBsyMXpjftFmZygHaOqj86aGFeH969m6qpE120iO4yHQewzhmzFabPi5tLMDpJa7OS7aLRFihfj_x2SFjhsNYr5LMhCfr/s787/Bayesian+plot.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="484" data-original-width="787" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX6cLTnLkra7dgeMYXJRuRyQ_GpzghEbsdpSKcIHPCFg0BjH-VBsyMXpjftFmZygHaOqj86aGFeH969m6qpE120iO4yHQewzhmzFabPi5tLMDpJa7OS7aLRFihfj_x2SFjhsNYr5LMhCfr/w400-h246/Bayesian+plot.png" width="400" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Full credit to Rasmus Baath for the basis for the visualisation: http://www.sumsar.net/blog/2018/12/my-introductory-course-on-bayesian-statistics/ <br /></div><br /> <p></p>
Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-64475892279153873162021-08-01T13:07:00.001+02:002021-08-11T04:37:41.874+02:00A small man on Mannetjiesberg<p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I never
thought I would ever climb a mountain covered in snow in the middle of winter
wearing just a t-shirt. My backpack was stuffed full of winter weather clothes,
but we never needed any of them. Some time ago Charlie had mentioned that he
would like to climb Mannetjiesberg, the highest peak in the Kammanassie
mountains. Anja suggested to him that perhaps he would like to do that for his
birthday, as in the age of COVID birthday parties are a little bit hard to
organize. Charlie was delighted by the idea and so we started to lay out plans.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRZUN_PmqB4zJ09rh0Hfg47d3BJjVkqhZeb5KTxagmrPW-Wm9lJNaX7lYnPBNhgcg2cCiX0Fgum0d5nBqqDD7iQHrTT2OpPBOug-CJtear4-KNWIWm758yfg89w_vUE791X-sVl1MwBzDp/s600/Blog_pic_mannetjiesberg_00001.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRZUN_PmqB4zJ09rh0Hfg47d3BJjVkqhZeb5KTxagmrPW-Wm9lJNaX7lYnPBNhgcg2cCiX0Fgum0d5nBqqDD7iQHrTT2OpPBOug-CJtear4-KNWIWm758yfg89w_vUE791X-sVl1MwBzDp/s16000/Blog_pic_mannetjiesberg_00001.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The Kammanassie
mountains fall under the jurisdiction of CapeNature. I obtained the permits
from the local office in Uniondale in exchange for the promise of bird list
contributions. One also must traverse private property owned by the Woudberg
family to access the reserve. So, we decided to book their guest house at the
bottom of the mountain. Currently this is managed by Estelle Gilles: </span><a href="mailto:landsrivierselfcatering@gmail.com" target="_blank"><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #1155cc; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">landsrivierselfcatering@gmail.com</span></b></a><b><span face=""Verdana",sans-serif" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: #888888; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">. </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mannetjiesberg
stands at just shy of 2000 meters at 1995 meters above sea level. Previously
Anja and I had climbed the mountain hiking all the way from the guest cottage.
However, neither of us are as fit as we used to be and with Elena 10 and
Charlie turning 8 on the day of the climb, it made sense to drive as high as
possible up the mountain.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlulw8eokUUFRHKjHka6ZjvOaxFb-eJ2BJOKOvyJUahujhHZ_gN3jnjAs-XN5-um4W25-XHxUOzVtA4ylfCRleoFwhzP83INETMQHHg_V4z8YSeuTPQYoa4FREOAUYtQELOwioGQrysLN8/s600/Blog_pic_mannetjiesberg_00001.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Mannetjiesberg" border="0" data-original-height="409" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlulw8eokUUFRHKjHka6ZjvOaxFb-eJ2BJOKOvyJUahujhHZ_gN3jnjAs-XN5-um4W25-XHxUOzVtA4ylfCRleoFwhzP83INETMQHHg_V4z8YSeuTPQYoa4FREOAUYtQELOwioGQrysLN8/s16000/Blog_pic_mannetjiesberg_00001.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">On Saturday
morning, after warming ourselves by the fire in the guest cottage, we packed
the Land Cruiser and started the trek up the mountains. We parked the vehicle
on the side of the road at one of the few places where the four by four track
allows vehicles to pass. The vegetation was quite a bit thicker than on our
previous ascents as it has been several years since there has been a fire. Large
stands of bearded protea cackled with Cape Sugarbirds. Orange-breasted Sunbirds
flitted around us beeping and tweeting wondering what these strange beings were
trespassing on their territory. We decided to navigate the first ascents over a
rocky scree slope despite the fact the boulders might be loose. This was a
wonderful playground for the children who scampered way ahead of mommy and
daddy. By the time we reached them at the top of the scree slope, they had built
a Little Rock jumper snowman. Or should I say snow bird. After more biscuits
and snacks, we had to make for the Ridge.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqjxaO7s-NCky2ULQ-rA1fhG0taxt7Nwl3YGtLZyaIsZob4bxQrlReaO00V-JXPoMdd6DkqLnRUjTsvTAGRZog_qcxihECbV3zUeNccICMoJft22tTZYWbPUGLubFtWdcOrP2QEukC6LYW/s600/Blog_pic_mannetjiesberg_00004.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqjxaO7s-NCky2ULQ-rA1fhG0taxt7Nwl3YGtLZyaIsZob4bxQrlReaO00V-JXPoMdd6DkqLnRUjTsvTAGRZog_qcxihECbV3zUeNccICMoJft22tTZYWbPUGLubFtWdcOrP2QEukC6LYW/s16000/Blog_pic_mannetjiesberg_00004.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibo4RfiL4z2XwbULqZzSj3Eibvxm6v2MewHoX9K8XS0oaN7PcpPmxZEssgg31WrkelpSEWBn1xvMweSiROw9S96B1PyCyV9PLtKx0R2qODMHAzds3KI-chXzn6eVYwkRYd4GHMni0FmN3S/s600/Blog_pic_mannetjiesberg_00003.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibo4RfiL4z2XwbULqZzSj3Eibvxm6v2MewHoX9K8XS0oaN7PcpPmxZEssgg31WrkelpSEWBn1xvMweSiROw9S96B1PyCyV9PLtKx0R2qODMHAzds3KI-chXzn6eVYwkRYd4GHMni0FmN3S/s16000/Blog_pic_mannetjiesberg_00003.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Drifts of
snow were becoming more common. By this time, we had stripped of all our outer
layers of clothes down to our T shirts. It was strange to be walking through
snow in T shirts, but the shade of the South slope protected icy patches
from the melting sun - the temperatures were easily in the mid 20s due to a
Berg wind blowing in hot air from the north. As we ascended we had to navigate some
of the rocks covered in treacherous black ice. Moving through the snowdrifts
was tricky especially for Charlie and Elena, who had only welly boots which
would frequently fill with ice and snow. Eventually we crossed the Ridge to the
northern slope which was free of ice and made the last assault on the summit .
The children were delighted to finally spot the distinctive mirror covered
beacon that marks the top of Mannetjiesberg. It had taken us 3 hours from the
vehicle to reach the summit, where we spent half an hour having a picnic while
soaking in the views and drying out socks. To the South, the Tsitsikamma and
Outeniqua mountains, to the north the Swartberg and to the east we could make
out our very own Blue Hill.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiETTh8Lex_EX3P8tJRchp2hyphenhyphenf05DTRzPzof0cHzH6J9qJw3QLm00flkWGy4P-Pku6FPj2hD1T7zctNuI8pl3YnzyfHzor2STQkp4VkFJ3eWcrB0q3lA2NAxk1vKxphp_C8yWM8vWkm5-rf/s600/Blog_pic_mannetjiesberg_00002.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiETTh8Lex_EX3P8tJRchp2hyphenhyphenf05DTRzPzof0cHzH6J9qJw3QLm00flkWGy4P-Pku6FPj2hD1T7zctNuI8pl3YnzyfHzor2STQkp4VkFJ3eWcrB0q3lA2NAxk1vKxphp_C8yWM8vWkm5-rf/s16000/Blog_pic_mannetjiesberg_00002.jpg" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM-67pofkikIf7bp-n-Zcd_VUVy7oLPN_4CuBd1QeVKxesrHzrsvLKH_vc3IC2LlwEs_eiLMF1YKKVkslx7nQueIIEw4hecn8h3kfSJCaLHJR_x1XT8Yb9QoeLU9lMmgTXUDbCALw_g25u/s600/Blog_pic_mannetjiesberg_00005.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM-67pofkikIf7bp-n-Zcd_VUVy7oLPN_4CuBd1QeVKxesrHzrsvLKH_vc3IC2LlwEs_eiLMF1YKKVkslx7nQueIIEw4hecn8h3kfSJCaLHJR_x1XT8Yb9QoeLU9lMmgTXUDbCALw_g25u/s16000/Blog_pic_mannetjiesberg_00005.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">For the
descent we decided to stick to the northern slope to avoid the snow. However,
this would take us into uncharted terrain and would be quite a bit longer than
our summit route. The going was easy over tussocky restios and Watsonias. I
would scout ahead to ensure that our route was not leading us to any precipices
or cliffs. Eventually we had to switch onto a South facing slope but by this
time we were low enough that the snow was no longer a challenge and provided
relief to those who had spiked their hands on thorny bushes during the
inevitable tumbles, the product of weary legs, too much speed, and steep and
uneven ground. By this time, we'd been out for over 5 hours, and everyone was
very tired. We chose a well vegetated steep ridge-line for our final descent to
the mountain track, allowing us to slide down the vegetation wherever possible:
but this did mean that most of us had shredded trousers by the time we were on
the track. Once we were all in the vehicle and ready to head back down to Uniondale
we'd been out for six hours.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Again, it
was surprising that for the middle of winter we had been able to fulfill
Charlie's wish, the angels must surely have been smiling. While an Internet
search does not reveal any other summits of Mannetjiesberg by children this
young of course digital records do not go back far enough for us to guarantee that he
was the first boy of his age on the mountain. However, I am very sure that he
is the first boy of his age to summit the peak in the middle of winter.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Which peak
next? Peak Fomosa apparently…. As I write my leg muscles send painful reminders they
are not what they used to be and I’d better do some training to be able to keep up
with this young and avid mountain climber. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-76978449383645826612021-05-11T16:13:00.003+02:002021-05-11T16:13:55.775+02:00Name change of The Auk: how it looks to the rest of us in Ornithology<p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The journal
formally known as ‘The Auk’ is one of ornithology’s oldest journals,
established in 1884. It is one of two journals of the Ornithological Society of
North America. As of the last several decades it has been consistently one of
the world’s top ranked ornithological journals. This year, 2021, it was
rebranded simply as ‘Ornithology’. The reason given: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">“The new
title is part of a long-term effort to increase the quality and international
stature of the American Ornithological Society’s publications.”</span></i></p><i>
</i><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">But it was already
one of the best! Also, how does a name change increase the quality? That is a
matter of editorial process or even supporting the ornithological method that
is published in the journal. In terms of international stature, how is removing
a name used for over one hundred years and replacing it with a generic term
going to help? The journal identity is completely lost by doing so: a move to
be considered by a journal wishing to reinvent itself and shed itself of
unwanted baggage. At worst its an offence to those that have manned the journal
for over a hundred years! Its also damaging in that decades of Brand Identity
have been flushed away. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Critically
for those wishing to improve bibliometric quality, research shows the opposite
effect when names change because of errors assigning the correct journal name to the appropriate
journal: confusion reigns! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I’ve
pointed out how the use of bird names for journal names is an unusual quirk of
ornithological journals: but it helps paint their identity. The Auk has a
history of publishing North American ornithology. What does the name change say
about that? That there isn’t growth potential anymore in this market and that instead
they want all the world’s ornithology (or specifically are they eyeing the stratospheric
growth of the Asian market)? But at the same stroke, the editorial announcing the
name change requests articles fitting very specific dimensions: <i>papers that use
birds to test … hypotheses; innovative phylogenetic and taxonomic studies; and
integrative reviews </i>…. In other words, there are multiple dimensions of
ornithology that would be less welcome. This suggests Ornithology is a totally
inappropriate name for this journal. “Select Ornithology” might be better. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Of course,
I have not been privy to the reports and recommendations leading to this
decision. I suspect that the steering committee was becoming anxious about a lack
of change in the impact factor, or prestige scores. I would argue that has
nothing to do with the journal, but sadly, simply the place of ornithology in
the world of science. Or did the committees look at the world of Twitter and simply
decide to hijack the hashtag for almost all ornithology publications? An
imperialistic move perhaps?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It could be
argued that any journal name is meaningless: in our digital era where everything
is numerically ranked, it is may well be that H factor and Impact Factor are
everything, while the name is but a means to an end. If so, sad world, and I’ll
maintain the identity associated with Ostrich for as long as possible, and
encourage that future editors do so too. At least I know what Ostrich stands
for beyond bibliometric rankings. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="background: white; color: #444444; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tempest, D. (2005) “The
effect of journal title changes on impact factors”, </span><em style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; outline: none; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif;">Learned
Publishing, </span></em><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">Vol 18, issue 1, pp. 57–62.</span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-66191291972159317662021-04-16T10:58:00.002+02:002021-04-19T06:19:28.340+02:00The problem with Purrr (for Biologists)<p> <br /></p><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">So, it took
me forever to complete
the DataCamp course on Functional Programming with Purrr. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">https://learn.datacamp.com/courses/foundations-of-functional-programming-with-purrr</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">With a bit
of programming background, I’m a fan of functional programming, the aim of
which is to avoid copy pasting errors and allows execution of functions on
various subsets of data. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I started
this course ages ago, and gave up repeatedly, electing to do other courses
instead (with easy, standard R code). It should have been an ideal course for
me, with famous ornithologist Auriel Fournier and some bird data. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Doing this course
made me realise this version of reality:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcjdhRp9hfUabgxWtP06NeA9RfINJo3HPKcQpPyltjwiixIev5vmRZpzwnfFNnAm3MS4OMTlp1ouoR39s8Yh98zmci29Xb5GnibXifF5sF-YqNCUV9-0XjFel-WFa8E85wka1YxAUwka4h/s725/Biology+vs+Programming.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="511" data-original-width="725" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcjdhRp9hfUabgxWtP06NeA9RfINJo3HPKcQpPyltjwiixIev5vmRZpzwnfFNnAm3MS4OMTlp1ouoR39s8Yh98zmci29Xb5GnibXifF5sF-YqNCUV9-0XjFel-WFa8E85wka1YxAUwka4h/s16000/Biology+vs+Programming.png" /></a></div>Venn diagrams of the intersection between programmers and biologists.<br /><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In essence,
all top blog posts on purrr are praiseworthy (this is a product of R code
developer Messiah Hadley Wickham). The package implements ‘better’ versions of
the ‘apply’ set of base R functions, which are ‘higher order’ functions, that
really are useful (if you can put into the time to master them, since it
requires multilevel thinking). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">What is
‘better’? Well, I think there may well be two definitions, depending on where
you sit on the coder-biologist spectrum. Better for a programmer is a
‘readability’ and ‘succinctness’. Better for biologists is also readability,
but with the trust in the final answer a lot more important. I.e. things break
down at the ‘succinctness’ level: because in a line of piped code, a biologist
is wanting to know what happens at each level. A line of piped biologist code
will have been built step by step to ensure that each line is doing what it
should do. A programmer will weave these all together to achieve succinctness,
while it may well make a lot more sense for a biologist to have ‘expanded’ code.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">‘BOO!” say
the programmers. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I say:
“That is alright”. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The truth
is, for ‘normal’ biologists, it will probably take less time to filter your
data in an Excel spreadsheet and apply multiple functions across columns to get
what you want compared to debugging your first attempts to code a line using
apply().</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">What are my
issues with purrr? Well, I hardly ever use lists, and the double bracket
notation is just intimidating. A lack of familiarity with this data form
doesn’t help, although it is seen everywhere in R output (take those GLMs
output for example).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Actually, a simple
form of purrr uses the map set of functions (which can return data as logical
or vector or dataframe) and can be used on dataframes, pretty much like apply(),
except you get ‘standardized’ output, which is apparently why it is cool with
those that code on a daily basis rather than trudge around swamps (or deserts) with
binoculars (i.e. ornithologists).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Using purrr
will require learning yet another packaging coding style. For instance ~.x is
used …. To get stuff? Well, I wish I could give you an honest simple
explanation, but I can’t. Here is an example from the course:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">map_chr(sw_films,
~.x[["episode_id"]]) # readable? Not a chance.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">map_chr(your_data,
~x[[</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">"</span>column_name</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">"</span>]]) #sort of this, then return the data as a character vector.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Okay, I’m
loosing you, so lets take a hectic example from the course. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This is the
problem question : </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">What is the
distribution of heights of characters in each of the Star Wars films?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">That is
simple right? Just make a histogram on a vector (or column with numeric data
from a data frame).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Using the
sw_films data from the ‘repurrrsive’ package:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">library(repurrrsive); library(tidyverse)<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">data(sw_films) <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This is the
‘clue’ code provided. WTF!? Hectic tidyverse vocabulary required. But okay: we
just need to fill in the blanks so how hard can it be? </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #00c53b; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"># Turn data into correct dataframe format</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">film_by_character</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> <- </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">tibble</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">filmtitle</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> = </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">map____</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">___</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> ___</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">))</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> %>%</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">mutate</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">filmtitle</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">characters</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> = </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">map</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">___</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> ___</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">))</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> %>%</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">unnest</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">()</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Damn hard. Line
1: When do you use ~.x; should you use [[]] or just “variable_name”, not to
mention I initially thought map_df was the appropriate map function here. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Then line 2
– I just piped some data, so that should be available right? So should that be
. or .x? Neither… need the data assignment spelled out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And I presume I’ll use the ~.x [[]] again…
nope, just “variable_name” this time.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">So this is
the solution (well, code that doesn’t return a fatal error, we’ll ignore the
new warning from unnest for now. Screw you, code evolution):</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">film_by_character</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> <- </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">tibble</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">filmtitle</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> = </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">map_chr</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">sw_films</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> ~.</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">x</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">[[</span><span style="color: #dc4d8b; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">"title"</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">]]))</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> %>%</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">mutate</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">filmtitle</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">characters</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> = </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">map</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">sw_films</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: #dc4d8b; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">"characters"</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">))</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> %>%</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">unnest</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">()</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Geez. That
was step 1. We still need to solve this:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #00c53b; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"># Pull out elements from sw_people.
Create a dataframe with the "height", "mass",
"name", and "url" elements from sw_people.</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">sw_characters</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> <- </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">map____</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">___</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> `</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">[</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">`</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">c</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">___</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> ___</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> ___</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> ___</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">))</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span></p><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Thank heavens
the ‘[‘ is in there, because you’d have never solved that by yourself. This the
solution.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">sw_characters</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> <- </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">map_df</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">sw_people</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> `</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">[</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">`</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">c</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: #dc4d8b; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">"height"</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: #dc4d8b; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">"mass"</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: #dc4d8b; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">"name"</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: #dc4d8b; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">"url"</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">))</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Step 3: join the data frames. This
should be a breeze! I mean, I use the join functions all the time. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">But wait,
what the hell is this c(“___”) thing? Surely, we could just do a rename on the
fly? This screwed me…. I couldn’t do the join. At this stage, was it the join
code that was the problem or the initial tibble creation? </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #00c53b; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"># Join the two new objects</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">character_data</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> <- </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">inner_join</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">___</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> ___</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">by</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> = </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">c</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: #dc4d8b; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">"___"</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> = ___</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">))</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> %>%</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: #00c53b; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"># Make sure the columns are numbers</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">mutate</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">height</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> = </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">as</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">.</span><span style="color: #009bd8; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">numeric</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">height</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">),</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">mass</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> = </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">as</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">.</span><span style="color: #009bd8; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">numeric</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">mass</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">))</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"># My incorrect solution</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">character_data</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> <- </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">inner_join</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">sw_characters</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">film_by_character</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">,</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">by</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> = </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">c</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: #dc4d8b; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">"characters"</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> = </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">url</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">))</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> %>%</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> mutate</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">height</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> = </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">as</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">.</span><span style="color: #009bd8; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">numeric</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">height</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">),</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">mass</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> = </span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">as</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">.</span><span style="color: #009bd8; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">numeric</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">(</span><span style="color: white; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">mass</span><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">))</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt;"><span style="color: gainsboro; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"># My cheat code to get what they wanted:<br />
</span><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;">character_data <- inner_join(film_by_character,
rename(sw_characters, characters=url)) %>%</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(30, 30, 30) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 15.75pt;"><span style="color: #d4d4d4; font-family: Consolas; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-ZA;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mutate(height = as.numeric(height), mass =
as.numeric(mass))</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Thank G.
Last step was make a facet ggplot chart, actually easy. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">My horror: that
was the foundational course, so I nearly died when on completing it that I was
then recommended to do intermediate functional programming with purrr. Oh … my
…. G...</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I guess I just don't have a purrrsonality that purrrs. Miaow. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-29130978030786956372021-03-24T16:40:00.004+02:002021-03-30T11:25:37.135+02:00Britstown Bash<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">SABAP2 –
The Britstown Bash</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">This bash
was organized by Karoo birding legend Stefan Theron. Capitalizing on a local contact,
a friend of his brother, Stefan managed to arrange free accommodation on the
West Front Farm, 3 pentads southeast of Britstown. The purpose of the bash was
personal for Stefan: he wanted to see if he could extend the range of Sclater’s
Lark east, which we’d recorded in a visit prior to lockdown west of Britstown. Also,
he wanted to validate if Karoo Lark really occur in this region (spoiler alert,
they don’t). Most importantly, as with many Northern Cape regions, the area is
chronically under atlassed, with many virgin pentads. </span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Given the
limited facilities on the farm (we had access to a flat with kitchenette and
just one bathroom), the bash was by invitation only to arguably the elite of
Karoo’s atlassing community (Japie Claasen excluded): Salome Willemse (of the
Namaqualand bird club), Alan Collett (Graaff Reinet), and Rudi Minnie (with special guest Henk Nel of Birdlasser). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The bash
officially kicked off with a dinner hosted by Salome on Thursday evening (18<sup>th</sup>
March), which I missed as I only arrived on the Friday: defence of the family’s
orchard against raiding baboons my excuse. As such I arrived on Friday evening
after casually atlassing up the back roads from Victoria West to a pentad map
already well marked off, especially with the likes of Salome, who does 4-5
pentads a day. For the following day I was put down to do 2 ‘inaccessible’
pentads by bicycle.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">However, I
had a terrible night: while I’d been putting up my tent, the pole broke, tearing a massive hole in the flysheet. Just after midnight, it
started to rain, necessitating I use the groundsheet as new flysheet, which
required finding string and jury rigging something to keep off the rain. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The next morning I was exhausted, so I headed off in my vehicle instead to follow try and flesh out
some partially covered pentads from the previous day, and see if I could get landowner permission to
get into an ‘inaccessible’. I arrived at the landowner, Johan Viljoen’s, house
at 6:30, which I reckoned shouldn’t be a problem since farmers normally get up
early right? My arrival was announced by barking dogs: and with a lack of any
signs of life from the house, my guilt levels started to rise. After about 10
minutes the stocky, bearded, grumpy farmer emerged. Luckily, armed with large
1:150 000 coverage map, plus 'Voels van die Karoo' booklets (printing sponsored
by Western Cape Birding Forum, organized by Brian van der Walt), I was able to
explain my presence in a way that even had Johan enthusiastic about the project
and providing details of the farm and where to go to maximise the bird list.
Certainly, memorable from that pentad were the numbers of Greater
Kestrel: these were in large numbers throughout the region, attracted no doubt
by the growing locust swarms. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">I dawdled
through the adjacent pentad, thinking it had already been covered, and took
midday nap in the shade of some pine trees to catch up on the previous night.
Then it was off further south to finish a pentad started the previous day close
to Victoria West, and refuel: one low point on the versatile Suzuki Jimney is
the 40 liter fuel tank, which sinks into the nervous zone too quickly to feel
comfortable in this region with long distances between petrol stations. On the
way back, passing my siesta spot by the pine trees, I saw a dead bird in the
road. I thought I better stop to investigate (thinking maybe I’d get a new
species for the pentad!). I picked up a headless Ring-necked Dove, breast-meat
eaten and blood still fresh. Realising it had just been dropped, I looked left
and right into the bushes for a potential perpetrator, and then up into the
pine tree above me. I could not believe what I saw: the face of a Verreaux's Eagle
Owl stared down at me not more than 3-4 meters above my head! My dash to the
vehicle to get my camera unfortunately was less cautious than it could have
been, startling the bird away. I was very grateful to Stefan for returning a
few days later to get the proof of this special record. Nonetheless my arrival
back at camp was rather late, making my camp companions rather nervous, given
that Alan Collett had started his day with two punctures. Still, the eagle-owl
was nearly as big news as the Black-collared Barbet, way out of range but
clearly resident in the farm gardens. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Sunday saw
most of the team except myself and Stefan heading back home. Stefan was up for
hiking the bike route through the inaccessible pentads to the east. Heading off
at 5:30, we got to the start of the first target pentad at 6:30 as the first
sun rays hit the top of the Dolerite hills we would be navigating for the rest
of the day. I dropped of Stefan as he marked off African and Plain-backed Pipit
from a set of 3 birds flying silhouetted against the dawn: his call id skills
defy the imagination. I headed to the farm, to do the introductions and get permission
to access the inaccessible, where I would spend the rest of the morning, and
rack up my highest tally of the trip, with 54 species. Meanwhile, Stefan would
be racking up close to 80 species as a reward for his sweat and sore feet,
including Cinnamon-breasted Warbler, which I’d tried for and failed. CBWs are a
special obsession of mine.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Thus, in
the afternoon, I got on my bike to head to the adjacent virgin pentad. The
eastern edge of the pentad was bordered by beautiful dolerite cliffs promising
African Rock Pipits, Raven, raptors and Cinnamon-breasted Warbler. Indeed, my cycle
and hike would reward me with all except the raptors: Verreaux’s Eagle a stark
absentee from my final trip list, despite many rumours of their presence from
local landowners.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Back at the
farm, Stefan got me to confirm that the garden White-eyes were indeed Orange
River, which was achieved due to some great views from below with view of the
distinct flanks. Interestingly, my only very good view of a White-eye from the
previous day had been unmistakably Cape, with grey flanks. There has been an
interesting encounter with Henk and Rudi identifying different species from opposite
sides of the same tree the previous day, although they’d marked them off as Cape
to be safe in the end. Another interesting species boundary here is Karoo and
Black-chested Prinia: while Black-chested was certainly the default for the
surveys, I was amazed to get clear views of Karoo together with hybrids in the
mountains. The mountains offer thick vegetation, and very different avifaunal
communities compared to the barren ‘vlakte’ in between dominated by Rufous-eared
Warbler, Large-billed and Spike-heeled Larks, and distantly calling Northern
Black or Karoo Korhaan.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">On Monday
Stefan headed out to confirm the Verreaux’s Eagle Owl and tick off the adjacent
virgin pentads en-route back home. My targeted pentad turned out to have
already been done, so I turned my attention to another inaccessible. By the
time I’d figured out who the owner was and gone through the explanations and
booklet delivery procedure, it was a bit later than I’d have liked. Then I ended
up going through the wrong gate and getting lost on the wrong pentad. But the
rest of the day was spent on the right pentad, rewarded by Secretarybird, a small
pan with swarms of Lark-like Bunting and a curious armoured cricket. Knowing
that no-one will do these inaccessible pentads again for the foreseeable
future, with the sparsity of atlassers and need to conduct bashes in other parts
of the country, I do like to put in the best effort and time I can when
presented with the opportunity to do so. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">I’d spend
my last evening alone on the farm, getting up early to do two more virgin
pentads along the N12 en-route home, with mediocre lists of the usual Karoo suspects,
but with a feeling of satisfaction from having contributed immeasurably to the
progress of SABAP2. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The bash
ticked off over 40 pentads for the long weekend, including over 30 virgin
pentads, a significant effort in the painting of the SABAP2 coverage map.
Thanks again to Rikus van der Merwe and the many landowners that accommodated
our endeavours, and especially Stefan and the other bash participants. Look
forward to seeing you all again at the next one. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtsF_hg_9wV1lakHnVYjpkNpUaU5WkaoVsK4GNQnD2bYF82K5RoNGsgQZbL1IE68aYuJE8goK7GBCrsUicLeWsfC_umpl6MZF5WaGrwTZPUP8dw-iJ_GoEdpaZDD9-3qbkw3tOZbn_r44I/s600/Sickle-winged+Chat+%25281%2529_00014.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="441" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtsF_hg_9wV1lakHnVYjpkNpUaU5WkaoVsK4GNQnD2bYF82K5RoNGsgQZbL1IE68aYuJE8goK7GBCrsUicLeWsfC_umpl6MZF5WaGrwTZPUP8dw-iJ_GoEdpaZDD9-3qbkw3tOZbn_r44I/s16000/Sickle-winged+Chat+%25281%2529_00014.jpg" title="Sickle-winged Chat" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDts_dVSmsXKqyKNnHs0kLf613L6x__v4-MPYYeUVeRehdbXr6_3-8iBLR3z0oQmgMii5tn_xyLg1HJBcWWtI1KNTlS5588vs9LQfVRm9h6uUlSJzf0zVoB8Fz5eKPy6KZ57r8mpIH6ZaF/s600/Pale+chanting+goshawk+on+windmill+%25282%2529_00013.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDts_dVSmsXKqyKNnHs0kLf613L6x__v4-MPYYeUVeRehdbXr6_3-8iBLR3z0oQmgMii5tn_xyLg1HJBcWWtI1KNTlS5588vs9LQfVRm9h6uUlSJzf0zVoB8Fz5eKPy6KZ57r8mpIH6ZaF/s16000/Pale+chanting+goshawk+on+windmill+%25282%2529_00013.jpg" title="Young Pale Chanting Goshawk on a windpump" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEJSIEdodGYM9xDZEkYdWaGjSDb3o9x-JGPdt3_l5dLr1iNXRweC6BqDpiLEZ9pQNx6PMmfescosk3PiKPWYNtMl1opR8vhHU6NCEpnjdPcZNl6vy7FC5shhax09WPkvTDNebEeDQMAF1N/s600/Juv+Anteating+Chat+%25286%2529_00012.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Young Ant-eating Chat" border="0" data-original-height="435" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEJSIEdodGYM9xDZEkYdWaGjSDb3o9x-JGPdt3_l5dLr1iNXRweC6BqDpiLEZ9pQNx6PMmfescosk3PiKPWYNtMl1opR8vhHU6NCEpnjdPcZNl6vy7FC5shhax09WPkvTDNebEeDQMAF1N/s16000/Juv+Anteating+Chat+%25286%2529_00012.jpg" title="Young Ant-eating Chat" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBraSDUL_oPr8AGZrVOmNQihC9NeNqtgUvbhc16LUNKldmAaiMue8taj7mn92tvYIlLTir5nHBJ7UEZ6PeRF4H-FCkkYHO0FbKl0HrEHXGiGuiqu9QPLegRNdWm_qPwlz8dtbiCwsW7XlV/s600/Jackal+Buzzard+flight+%25284%2529_00011.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Young Jackal Buzzard" border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBraSDUL_oPr8AGZrVOmNQihC9NeNqtgUvbhc16LUNKldmAaiMue8taj7mn92tvYIlLTir5nHBJ7UEZ6PeRF4H-FCkkYHO0FbKl0HrEHXGiGuiqu9QPLegRNdWm_qPwlz8dtbiCwsW7XlV/s16000/Jackal+Buzzard+flight+%25284%2529_00011.jpg" title="Young Jackal Buzzard" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi809FfvqmaHqrroNR1gAa2MRNVdoEU05LocLe9wmyCAygvkpnsQLxhVZES79nWuu-vAAI-0LQNtpe5mORxnPIfZyVeC-O1BnGcRN6u_2oqlXi96hk_FZ7R4ZnrmfWMIBdFGVUxY4UR8lKp/s600/DSC_2676_00010.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Young Large-billed Lark" border="0" data-original-height="440" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi809FfvqmaHqrroNR1gAa2MRNVdoEU05LocLe9wmyCAygvkpnsQLxhVZES79nWuu-vAAI-0LQNtpe5mORxnPIfZyVeC-O1BnGcRN6u_2oqlXi96hk_FZ7R4ZnrmfWMIBdFGVUxY4UR8lKp/s16000/DSC_2676_00010.jpg" title="Young Large-billed Lark" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieB_4u5ZZl_YIUKSI6mfdqt2nwY7jFsojRC2NEtvLOWsyxL5iNLiDavtYHEAj4zUmIiYNb2vbttLQJ7umtuCQ-1p7X7JdyzZGk4NdCxGSay8VFixTB2zQmn-7kmcfFWmryqZLpn-pE67w7/s600/DSC_2668_00009.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="542" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieB_4u5ZZl_YIUKSI6mfdqt2nwY7jFsojRC2NEtvLOWsyxL5iNLiDavtYHEAj4zUmIiYNb2vbttLQJ7umtuCQ-1p7X7JdyzZGk4NdCxGSay8VFixTB2zQmn-7kmcfFWmryqZLpn-pE67w7/s16000/DSC_2668_00009.jpg" title="Lark-like Bunting" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgReuclgowr2LM_E4y-ZxmcFilW0RM3TlvbEXXxOtz3X4G0M2v9IMPs2fcXMmMTgScWu2K5Z_kEmKZpSpwxv0shAOQrdEFXyxoCEcZvBoUFWQgqhFz-wS-Vk1myPYqPLMDos8t6Gr6zxvC/s600/DSC_2658_00007.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="549" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgReuclgowr2LM_E4y-ZxmcFilW0RM3TlvbEXXxOtz3X4G0M2v9IMPs2fcXMmMTgScWu2K5Z_kEmKZpSpwxv0shAOQrdEFXyxoCEcZvBoUFWQgqhFz-wS-Vk1myPYqPLMDos8t6Gr6zxvC/s16000/DSC_2658_00007.jpg" title="Spike-heeled Lark" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpX1dHMZT83vCc5WGEmvpiPNOUpp1cbPqSM1QadekzB_SOdy_0LAWcWLXiNEX-ImtOP1IgmwhAkrkJk4wiBaDyXYM2XefrKgH_Axy59Ow9k5vSpjQ4cGi1nX4bSYKuO65bxrgM9NBaF9Po/s600/DSC_2648_00006.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="423" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpX1dHMZT83vCc5WGEmvpiPNOUpp1cbPqSM1QadekzB_SOdy_0LAWcWLXiNEX-ImtOP1IgmwhAkrkJk4wiBaDyXYM2XefrKgH_Axy59Ow9k5vSpjQ4cGi1nX4bSYKuO65bxrgM9NBaF9Po/s16000/DSC_2648_00006.jpg" title="Sabota Lark" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMr1EyNjGM0QTq2wx1AfYqMMrpYMEItPbdWbg0WsSqKyqO98Tdld-xSZTDMBdveKyUY4BhA_EQ60BHd_YrkKBInS0Ndga4pSsHhfIu8FkXIL5O8dcUpmDAHq4CpU8s2RvRcG3oil5d-2pS/s600/DSC_2645_00005.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="417" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMr1EyNjGM0QTq2wx1AfYqMMrpYMEItPbdWbg0WsSqKyqO98Tdld-xSZTDMBdveKyUY4BhA_EQ60BHd_YrkKBInS0Ndga4pSsHhfIu8FkXIL5O8dcUpmDAHq4CpU8s2RvRcG3oil5d-2pS/s16000/DSC_2645_00005.jpg" title="A young Greater Kudu jumps a formidable fence" /></a></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXvKgn0y0eGT1G7-Oq6Qa0Pfc2ANzpwQRdlo9AAYzUlBe1HCgG8PLtm4eS-2nWdDmMNbCgY-Lu0Mf8aKzCmiNLEeR9ZHp6rl14k5hlHtrJlJOWsSiu275oiJ-ZQ-9sLz5Al9Y7pfLhctRH/s600/DSC_2588_00002.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="484" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXvKgn0y0eGT1G7-Oq6Qa0Pfc2ANzpwQRdlo9AAYzUlBe1HCgG8PLtm4eS-2nWdDmMNbCgY-Lu0Mf8aKzCmiNLEeR9ZHp6rl14k5hlHtrJlJOWsSiu275oiJ-ZQ-9sLz5Al9Y7pfLhctRH/s16000/DSC_2588_00002.jpg" title="Typical Black-chested Prinia" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2Z6k0sobWKhzKsQncN0Jg90-mQva0BgPLJmRLkc87lo0LNO5cusG8TjtXRStF17gsgNlMlwnsJ9dMbpjUQ3yJp4POgG26u9e1a0pe0spjTnFMOT3NN2ZzuKF5ebpwUmNsHR7-sHNlt697/s600/DSC_2581_00001.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="460" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2Z6k0sobWKhzKsQncN0Jg90-mQva0BgPLJmRLkc87lo0LNO5cusG8TjtXRStF17gsgNlMlwnsJ9dMbpjUQ3yJp4POgG26u9e1a0pe0spjTnFMOT3NN2ZzuKF5ebpwUmNsHR7-sHNlt697/s16000/DSC_2581_00001.jpg" title="Hybrid Karoo/Black-chested Prinia" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> Before</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnSgKJARkU_YXtWtOzRg-PdGQXFPiLynv7dS-aKYD1XTSbH7dKFK43ui3F1r6gesn8v2-Mo5Melsm8myT4GkLBgYwZNKyh0qPkIqxfoX4jJ5Dizk7B8LUtWYWYsdge091jtpNkCv_ayUSz/s1035/WhatsApp+Image+2021-03-25+at+9.02.32+PM.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="656" data-original-width="1035" height="406" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnSgKJARkU_YXtWtOzRg-PdGQXFPiLynv7dS-aKYD1XTSbH7dKFK43ui3F1r6gesn8v2-Mo5Melsm8myT4GkLBgYwZNKyh0qPkIqxfoX4jJ5Dizk7B8LUtWYWYsdge091jtpNkCv_ayUSz/w640-h406/WhatsApp+Image+2021-03-25+at+9.02.32+PM.jpeg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">After <br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJAjxi3aFSqxLt_yupCisQSCXmX2iZNFZ-To7uri6tRa9XtsN-kFFGXsOc_191oIak7OEPkYCsrH6bldtWVQzGhFHo_KTYfUPdnFzlYdoqDUsFLDrAx7H_il9PglYWO4jWBwb4iCXbpJjh/s1189/Coverage.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="743" data-original-width="1189" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJAjxi3aFSqxLt_yupCisQSCXmX2iZNFZ-To7uri6tRa9XtsN-kFFGXsOc_191oIak7OEPkYCsrH6bldtWVQzGhFHo_KTYfUPdnFzlYdoqDUsFLDrAx7H_il9PglYWO4jWBwb4iCXbpJjh/w640-h400/Coverage.png" title="Post bash coverage" width="640" /></a></span></div><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> </span></p>
Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-21706424216061696042020-12-27T06:10:00.001+02:002020-12-27T06:10:19.831+02:00Publication: Tortoise mortality along fence lines in the Karoo, Journal of Nature Conservation<p><br /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">From experience,
electric fencing burns are very painful: but of course, we can move away fast
and get away from the pain! </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">But imagine getting
shocked again and again for hours and hours. It was <a href="http://bluehillescape.blogspot.com/2013/01/a-car-duller-than-1970s-skoda.html" target="_blank">2013 </a>when I first recorded dead
tortoises on an electric fence on a bird survey route north of the Baviaanskloof.
Since then, I’ve seen hundreds more as electric fencing has become a dominant
predator control strategy across South Africa. Tortoises, once shocked, withdraw
to the safety of their shell and hope it stops. It never does… they endure
pulse after pulse of current until they die. It is inconceivable to me that there
are no controls on this infrastructure that take this into account: there are
simple solutions that will allow the use of these fences without killing tortoises.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">Fences require daily
patrolling to remove tortoises. Alternatives could include thermostatic
switches which turn off fences when tortoises are most active, or programmed ‘escape’
periods. These solutions are offered with the realisation that electric fences
are not going away: they are too valuable for the control of predators or for
restricting the movement of big game (SANParks have major electric fence infrastructure
on many of their parks). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">Dead leopard tortoises
on electric fences are an obvious problem. What this research also showed was
the standard mesh fencing is bad for the smaller tortoise species (most of the
species), which get wedged and stuck. This fence type is prolific across
the rangelands of southern Africa. All of this is not good news for the world’s
tortoise hotspot. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">This is a situation
that makes me feel sad and powerless: all I could do as a scientist was help document
this tragedy. My effort to draw attention to the problem by making a <a href="https://youtu.be/Y9SwGmuCo6I " target="_blank">YouTube video</a>
has had all of 150 views in 4 years. So: there we go, I offer the world another
piece of sad information and hope those with the power to make change (which
should be all of us) will act upon this. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">I’m very grateful to
Matt Macray, Conservation Biology MSc student at the Fitz, for doing the
groundwork on this; as well as to Biosphere Expeditions for their support. I
was able to facilitate this work through a postdoctoral research grant through
SANBI: thanks to Phoebe Barnard for that. I’m grateful to Professor Graham
Alexander, Wits University, for his collaboration and herpetological expertise.
And lastly, I always thought my first co-authored paper with Professor Peter
Ryan would be about birds: but life can be funny like that. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1617138120301916"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1617138120301916</span></a></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">The paper is free to view until February 2021, and I'm happy to provide a copy on request. Elsevier, the publishing house, were very fast and efficient in getting this article online after acceptance. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis-Bu6hYS4vaOgQJAJqbZagrZAvWo-qDBEMsAF56NkdATyRzthJcJiwTrkUMBjTYiHYldLfmDJqxmqQ9ezOJR8R0GQFxVRiwpbLgYAktt8gW7g-nmqdCWuReVut8_ugfdpLXETBgVK3gWk/s1632/Tortoise+on+electric+fence_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1632" data-original-width="1224" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis-Bu6hYS4vaOgQJAJqbZagrZAvWo-qDBEMsAF56NkdATyRzthJcJiwTrkUMBjTYiHYldLfmDJqxmqQ9ezOJR8R0GQFxVRiwpbLgYAktt8gW7g-nmqdCWuReVut8_ugfdpLXETBgVK3gWk/w300-h400/Tortoise+on+electric+fence_2.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;"><br /></span><p></p>
Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0Blue Hill Escape, Blue Hill Nature Reserve, Baviaanskloof, 6460, South Africa-33.590027 23.404312-61.900260836178845 -11.751937999999999 -5.2797931638211537 58.560562000000004tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-9926316063694448342020-12-12T08:12:00.003+02:002020-12-12T08:35:04.364+02:002020: A summary of a Blue Hill year in the shadow of Covid-19<p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal">I guess the year started normal. January, like most of the
end of 2019 was steering the formation of the <a href="https://www.facebook.com/i.love.nature.fitness.and.environment" target="_blank">"I Love Nature fitness and environment
center" (aka ‘the gym’) in Uniondale</a>. That project of course would soon be put
on the back-burner. February, I was in <a href="http://bluehillescape.blogspot.com/2020/02/off-road-adventures-in-kenya.html" target="_blank">Kenya with Biosphere Expeditions</a> helping a
small conservancy, Enonkishu, monitor wildlife with a combination of local
rangers and overseas participants. Despite heavy rains and floods it was mostly
positive experiences with the memory echoes all positive: seems so long ago. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I managed to get back to South African beginning of March, a
few weeks before the world realised what trouble it was in and hard lockdown was
implemented, which lasted all April. We had a volunteer with us, Jeb, a
charismatic 19-year-old Londoner into Tai-chi and telling stories, whose 2 week
stay ended up being closer to 2 months before he got onto a repatriation
flight. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">With all tourism cancelled and repayment of Blue Hill Escape
deposits, it was a significant financial blow. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Luckily, most running expenses for Blue Hill
are covered by Chris and Elaine, who continue to be generally healthy despite additional age induced aches and pains. Importantly, Anja still had teaching income and translation
contracts, all done by Zoom now of course. My time was put to home-schooling
(wow was that hard at the start: a test of my patience and expectations, and
Elena certainly missed school, friends and her far more patient teacher).</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In-between depressing updates of a world on the brink, we
had a constructive time at Blue Hill, in no small way aided by Jeb. The garden
looks the best it has since 2012, we built a pizza oven from scratch, and a
chicken run which is now populated with very keen egg-laying chickens. The ‘roads’
were dissuaded from their perpetual efforts to turn into dongas, another couple
of dongas were straddled with stone bridges. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Winter was a mild one: but temperate afternoons outside
enjoying the sun are always tempered with the nagging of ‘why is the winter so
mild’. Of course, cold fronts did mean some days as well as the early mornings
were spent with everyone in the kitchen around the wood-fired stove. A spectacular
snow storm provided much needed light-relief, as well as moisture for life in
the mountains. Thanks to that, spring was kick-started with a profusion of beautiful
fynbos blooms. That would provide lots of opportunity to populate my latest
hobby: uploading photos to the citizen science nature documenting platform
iNaturalist. Nature on Blue Hill Nature Reserve can now be viewed here: <a href="https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/blue-hill-nature-reserve?tab=observations">https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/blue-hill-nature-reserve?tab=observations</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">With the SA Covid curve flattened, but paranoia running
high, I’d also pack up Elena and Charlie for a camping trip to the Overberg to
assist Sanjo Rose with her MSc project examining breeding biology of Agulhas
Long-billed Lark. Then, only a few weeks later I was seeing some of the most
spectacular Namaqualand flower displays being posted on Social media. Seemed
like a good idea to drop everything and head that way for a second camping trip
(September), except Francois van der Merwe gave us use of his empty research
centre, so we could still social-distance and wander the Hantam Karoo looking
at some of the most incredible botanical displays I’ve ever seen. Lots of hiking
meant Elena and Charlie were now easily as fit as me, and certainly fitter than
mom. Seemed like a good time for them to finally get to the top of Bloukop
(Blue Hill) using their own 2 feet, which was accomplished in October. Another
milestone in their lives ticked off. Another hiking trip to Duiwekloof in the
Baviaanskloof at the end of November would round off the hiking year (so far…).
Supposedly that leaves me with December to catch up on writing tasks, maybe do
a bit more bird ringing, which had been mostly neglected without someone to
help at the nets. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I’m grateful to Mark Anderson for commissioning me to write
up an article on <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306525.2020.1818045" target="_blank">the history of Ostrich</a>, with the journal turning 90 this year.
Certainly, the editorship of Ostrich continues to occupy much time, albeit
sporadically: either lulls or storms. Most science writing has been done courtesy of Krista Oswald,
writing up her PhD <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ibi.12846" target="_blank">work on Cape Rockjumpers</a>: the crowning good news on that is
that they are to be bird-of-the-year 2021! Apart from that, a book review, an article on <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15627020.2020.1717376" target="_blank">BirdLasser </a>and a co-authorship on the Karoo birds work
were the sum of my published ornithological contributions: a paper looking at
<a href="http://bluehillescape.blogspot.com/2020/05/is-bird-size-changing-in-fynbos-due-to.html" target="_blank">bird size change</a> having really been completed the previous year, together with
a paper <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306525.2019.1645054">summarising body size metrics from the SAFRING </a>database. But ornithological
duties continue to demand attention: somehow Colleen Downs managed to draft me
into the organising committee for the International Ornithological Congress to
be held in Durban in 2022.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">All in all, we end the year, healthy, with many marvellous memories
to overshadow Trump, EFF and Covid induced misery, and optimistic that 2021
will be a good year too. If I could just have a few more braais with a few more
friends, I’ll be happy. So here’s to you, wherever you are: we’re thinking of
you and hope to see you face to face one day again. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmCHIqel4jAO0EVdmMB0LSk64FwfuWLDKvQpB8fD8BrRvDm_s2wIsQ4VkR6l4rInOt2RAlSA-B2K51NwdSGIBmaDvn4co5Gswml3Ih3ZoHEpm_2b-NByVeVCzrfpa-9ojzfJJRP7VHPK2p/s2048/IMG_20200918_121124.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmCHIqel4jAO0EVdmMB0LSk64FwfuWLDKvQpB8fD8BrRvDm_s2wIsQ4VkR6l4rInOt2RAlSA-B2K51NwdSGIBmaDvn4co5Gswml3Ih3ZoHEpm_2b-NByVeVCzrfpa-9ojzfJJRP7VHPK2p/w640-h480/IMG_20200918_121124.jpg" width="640" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><br /><p></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5PSWpwTHmYfoHM1feYMk9jJtIZLabE0rhaud0_t5f3U9Vk9yFSYsWel7B4iCV-PJlcijdQ66q3eG23I0URQKqT28CQbQaDVvQq-ytMWoasXLiLbWEdOMAtAbM0M8bctTrn_GATrq4Laq9/s2048/temp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5PSWpwTHmYfoHM1feYMk9jJtIZLabE0rhaud0_t5f3U9Vk9yFSYsWel7B4iCV-PJlcijdQ66q3eG23I0URQKqT28CQbQaDVvQq-ytMWoasXLiLbWEdOMAtAbM0M8bctTrn_GATrq4Laq9/w640-h426/temp.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-83815382348584972322020-10-25T10:03:00.000+02:002020-10-25T10:03:11.352+02:00Can fracking and birdlife coexist in the Karoo?<p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
text-align:justify;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 107%; margin-bottom: 8.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow",sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Can
fracking and birdlife coexist in the Karoo?</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">On Saturday 24
October I was contacted by a producer of 98.7fm PowerFM to talk about the above
topic as part of the: POWER Weekend Breakfast show with <b>Pabi</b> Moloi &
<b>Mvangeli</b> Nzuza the following morning (Sunday). Realising that I’d be reaching audience not normally
into birds and birding, I gave a lot of thought as to how to make the topic
more interesting than a bland reading of the facts that this could possibly
entail. I was told by the producer I would have 30 minutes, and prepared the
following script. Unfortunately, I was cut off after 15 minutes by the
presenters, which kind of ruined the initial prep work which would have been
wrapped up in the final 15 minutes, so I though I’d better include the story
here, which goes some way to answering questions I posed but then did not have
time to answer in the truncated on-air version. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">Good morning! It
is really a pleasure to be talking to you today, and all the early-bird listeners.
Although can I just add, I hope the early birds did not catch any worms. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">You have invited
me here today to answer the question: Can fracking and birdlife coexist in the
Karoo?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">There is probably
a yes or no answer to that, which we can get to at the end of this show, like
many difficult questions, the answer is a bit difficult, and of course is just
one thin slice and angle on the impacts of fracking. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">To answer this question
we need some background: on the Karoo, on birds and birdlife, and of hydraulic
fracturing also known as fracking. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">Can I set the
scene by asking you a few questions? </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">Chocolate can
kill birds: true or false? I will answer that one a bit later…</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">Modern birds
descended from a group of two-legged dinosaurs known as theropods, whose
members include the towering Tyrannosaurus rex, according research published in
Scientific America. Now that you know this, can I ask you to imitate the noise
of Tyrannosaurus rex?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">So this is my imitation
‘pac pac puck puck (chicken noise)’ So if you are ever having nightmares from watching one
of the Jurassic Park movies, just remember that. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">Next question:
why are birds useful? …..</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">So I know that
there are some people who just don’t like birds: a great example is Mitchel
from the sitcom Modern Family, who freaks out each time he sees a pigeon. But
did you know that many garden birds eat spiders? In fact there is an island in
the Pacific ocean where all birds were accidently irradicated when an arboreal
house snake was introduced that ate all the birds. What happened after this?
The spider population exploded. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">Did you know that
the avitourism industry, that part of South Africa’s ecotourism industry that
depends directly or indirectly on birdwatchers (prior to covid of course), involves
about 40 000 people and is worth R1 billion give or take a few million? This
info from a DTI report from 2010.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">Birdwatchers tend
to be affluent and well educated (maybe like the listeners of Power FM?) and
travel far and wide and spend more than other types of ecotourists. Birdwatching
is a hobby that entertains on many different levels: those who can’t relate
might want to think of birdwatching like a computer game with many different
levels, hidden treasures and involving a lot of travel to exotic destinations,
except that it a lot better for the mind and body than a computer game, and you
get to contribute meaningfully to the local economy by doing so. If you are
interested in maybe exploring this as a healthy pastime, there are a lot of
resources on the BirdLife South Africa’s website. BirdLife South Africa is an
NGO representing much of the birdwatching community, they are involved in a
wide range of conservation and research projects, and they sponsored this
research about which I am talking today through a donation from Gaynor Rupert
and conducted in conjunction with the Karoo BioGaps project, a SANBI initiative.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">Another question:
Do all birds drink water?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">Next question:
when I say Karoo what does that conjure up for you?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">The Karoo is an
arid zone covering about one third of South Africa as well as parts of Namibia,
and is made up of two biomes: 2 different natural entities: the Succulent Karoo
and the Nama Karoo. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">It is a place
where birds are rare or fill the air: that was the title of Richard Dean’s PhD
thesis, Richard Dean is one of South Africa’s leading arid zone ecologists and co-author
on the research paper that is the basis for me being invited to talk with you
today.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">Both biomes are
semi-arid, and are distinct due to differences in rainfall amount and
seasonality. The succulent karoo receives low amounts of winter rainfall is a
world arid zone botanical hotspot with huge amounts of endemic and uniquely
adapted plant species. The Nama Karoo, which you will be familiar with from a
drive between Cape Town and Johannesburg, is more extensive and receives erratic
summer rainfall. Despite being climatically and botanically distinct, for the
most part the birds don’t distinguish between these biomes, and we consider the
birds of the Karoo to be just one set of birds. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Like </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">the plant life, the
bird species richness for an arid zone is very high with</span> over 400
species recorded over the region, which is just under half of the birds recorded
in South Africa. There are 10 species of birds found in the Karoo found nowhere
else in South Africa or the world. In addition, an array of other animals, with
high endemism, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inter alia</i>, in
tortoises and scorpions are found in the region. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 260.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB">Both biomes have
high species richness of larks (Alaudidae) compared with other biomes whilst
the Nama-Karoo also has a large assemblage of nomadic birds, and both have many
granivorous bird species that rely on water. Resident species of birds tend to
maintain low densities and wait for rainfall events, whereas nomadic species
search for resource patches scattered in time and space, so their respective
densities vary temporally and spatially </span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Dean 1995)</span></span><span lang="EN-GB">. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-GB">A variety of proposed developments are planned for the Karoo,
including mining for uranium, hydraulic fracturing for natural gas, and solar
and wind energy facilities. These developments will likely have an impact on
the biodiversity of the region; and birds (along with many other animals) will
face many challenges in the future if all of these developments go ahead
without due consideration to their wellbeing. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-GB">In South Africa, mineral and mining rights are owned by the state
who may grant licences to oil and gas companies to explore the possibility of
using fracking to extract gas from shale deposits. The recent initiative to
prospect and to mine natural gas from the shales of the Karoo using hydraulic
fracturing is cause for concern because it uses large quantities of water. About
52% of the Nama-Karoo and 10% of the Succulent Karoo biomes fall within
potential concessions .</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Fracking involves pumping a combination of
water, chemical additives and sand underground to extract natural gas trapped
in shale formations. Waste water (used in the drilling process) and produced
water (used to flush out the natural gas) do not stay underground but are
pumped back to the surface and stored in retention dams alongside the drilling
rigs. These impoundments thus contain water with a mixture of toxic, acidic and
saline chemical additives that are used in the extraction process, along with
the accidental discharge of oils and careless diesel spills from the drilling
process </span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Burton et al. 2014, Veil et al. 2004)</span></span><span lang="EN-GB">. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">The scarcity of open water sources means
that the produced water ponds in the Karoo are likely to attract animals who
drink water or are associated with open water in various ways. The concern is
that this water would be a deathtrap.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Hazards to birds at wellpads include not
only the toxic components of the water in the ponds, but also oil slicks on the
surfaces of water. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Oil alone can be lethal, disrupting water
repellence in the plumage and insulation properties of the feathers and can be
a significant source of mortality </span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Ramirez 2010)</span></span><span lang="EN-GB">. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Imagine I threw oil all over that nice
dress you bought at the Rosebank mall. It would be a tragedy! I’d be in such
trouble! But at least you’d be able to have a shower and put on some new clothes,
the consequences for a bird are much worse.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">For our research, we assessed the life
history and habitat-use traits that make birds of the Karoo vulnerable to
pollution effects. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">We use a trait-based approach to determine
vulnerability of birds to contaminated water. We initially considered the list
of 407 bird species recorded for the Karoo </span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Dean 1995)</span></span><span lang="EN-GB">. We removed all species from the list that could best be described
as incidental or vagrant in the Karoo, resulting in a list of 315 species. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">We considered the following traits: feeding
(kingfishers, waders), resting (ducks), nesting, drinking and diet. Scoring was
based mostly on our extensive experience with these species, but also by
referring to published information including some of our studies using camera
traps at water sources. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Of the 315 species considered, 211 species
have the core of their distribution range in the Karoo and 104 species are marginal.
141 (44%) had life history attributes that made them potentially vulnerable to
contaminated water.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Given the aridity of the Karoo, many of the
bird species that occur there show various adaptations to deal with low water
availability. Perhaps somewhat surprisingly, we found that just under half of
the species that occur in the Karoo have some association with water; either strongly
associated with water for nesting or just drinking water when it is available.
Some of these associations with water are clear, but some are not always
immediately obvious; for instance, swallows not only often drink water, but
also use mud to build their rests. Sandgrouse fly long distances to drink and
to provide water to their chicks. So, contamination of water supplies or the
provisioning of contaminated water (with concomitant contamination of mud and
potential loss of aquatic vegetation) pose a risk to the bird life of the
Karoo, and this may be undervalued. The extent of the risk to species would vary
greatly but could prove catastrophic for nomadic aquatic species attracted to ponds
of contaminated water. Other species, vulnerable only due to drinking under
unusual or very hot conditions, may only suffer localised mortalities.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">The reactions of birds to most of the
chemicals used in fracking are unknown. Known hazards to birds include
pesticides and industrial pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)
and heavy metals, particularly mercury </span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Fry 1995, Giesy et al. 2003, Moore 1985)</span></span><span lang="EN-GB">. However,
it should also be noted that birds sometimes have unusual lethal reactions to apparently
harmless substances; for example chocolate is toxic to at least one species of parrot
</span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Gartrell and Reid 2007)</span></span><span lang="EN-GB">, and veterinary medicines such as diclofenac have proved lethal to
vultures </span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Swan et al. 2006)</span></span><span lang="EN-GB">. Given the extensive list of compounds already identified from water
produced by fracking </span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Stringfellow et al. 2014)</span></span><span lang="EN-GB">, and given the rather extreme effects of PCBs, insecticides and
fungicides on bird populations </span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Fry 1995, Giesy et al. 2003, Moore 1985)</span></span><span lang="EN-GB"> it
would be unwise to assume that birds would not be affected by water containing
some, or all, of these compounds.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Basically, Pits or sludge dams constructed
near well sites to hold produced water may be a major hazard for birds in the
Karoo (Holness et al 2016) as shown by other studies in the Northern Hemisphere
</span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Farwell et al. 2016, Latta et al. 2015, Ramirez 2010)</span></span><span lang="EN-GB">.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">If gas extraction is to go ahead in the
Karoo it is essential that waste water is treated to mitigate against its
potential negative effects on biodiversity. Current use of new technology in
the United States of America to remove oil and salts from produced water show
that this, and proper management of fracking ponds, significantly reduces the
negative impacts on birds.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These treatments, which separate waste liquids
and condensate from fresh water, result in products that can be sold, and fresh
water that can be used for other drilling activities or given to livestock or
wildlife </span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Ramirez 2009)</span></span><span lang="EN-GB">. The China experience, however, suggests that few operators would
comply with this additional requirement </span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Guo et al. 2014)</span></span><span lang="EN-GB">, even if required by law. An economically sound suggestion is that
ponds are simply covered with shade cloth, thereby complying with legislation. A
further consideration in planning ahead is that abandoned wells need </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">rehabilitation
and restoration </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Ramirez and Mosley 2015)</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">There is the possibility that remnant chemical residues at abandoned
wells could be dissolved by rain, with the runoff forming ponds or entering
river systems, </span><span lang="EN-GB">and thus remaining a hazard for birds, livestock
and people.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Under
South African legislation, </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">companies granted
rights to conduct shale gas extraction are obliged to rehabilitate the
environment around the mine (Section 24N (7)(e) and (f) of the NEMA
legislation) </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(Motala 2013)</span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. Proper rehabilitation after closure is essential; however, to date,
there has been a poor track record of proper mine closure and environmental
rehabilitation across South Africa </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">(McKay and Milaras 2017)</span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">There is an urgent need for research on
mitigation and prevention of mortalities related to contaminated water. Making
contaminated water truly inaccessible through fencing and netting will require
considerable thought and effort, and need to be maintained and sustainable over
the long term. The provision of alternative and safe drinking sources also
needs consideration. Certainly, the impact of contaminated water on birds and
biodiversity needs greater attention. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">So the crux of all this research is that
it is all pointless if we cover up ponds and provide clean water if the
underground water is contaminated, and this is being pumped up inadvertently
elsewhere, say on a neighbouring sheep farm. From this point of view there is
very grave concern about the impact of fracking beyond birdlife to the
livelihoods of those in the Karoo. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Obviously one would like industry to provide
work, provide incomes, and do so in a safe way that allows everyone to benefit.
The concerns given track records of some companies is that this won’t happen. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">So what are the alternatives? Currently,
the status quo, with a mix of tourism, places like Karoo National Park,
Mountain Zebra, Tankwa Karoo plus small livestock farming are proving to be
beneficial to birdlife in the Karoo. In fact, some of the richest bird
communities are around farmsteads, which have irrigated lands, trees, water and
often a safe environment from potential predators, like monkeys or jackal. There
are winners and losers in this scenario, like many others, but on the balance
of things, drought aside, this is a fairly stable relationship. That stability
could be severely rocked by hydraulic fracturing in the Karoo.</span><span lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">We might need to wrap up about now: If you
are interested in birds and birding, there is a rich source of information on
the BirdLife South Africa website, including our free book on Karoo Bird:
Ecology and Conservation. The research upon which this is based is published in
Ostrich Journal of African Ornithology.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306525.2019.1638846">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306525.2019.1638846</a><br /><span lang="EN-GB"> </span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Acknowledgements</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Thanks to my co authors as well as the
organisers, facilitators and funders of the Karoo BioGaps project. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq_Zzt9RXphf6p6XHUXFqyZZ-mUmr4YbJg07IVBlkHTSwgEp-olw_JwItxX43V8zBcHZg_S01lwDuL_ySoMA6qBCeZ7vM2tZsuSlpcCSDpG0BlREFTwU27cSYX1ft-rh4yAEoAO7Nbd_XM/s1000/Cover+Image+Yellow+canary+Drinking+birds_00001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="667" data-original-width="1000" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq_Zzt9RXphf6p6XHUXFqyZZ-mUmr4YbJg07IVBlkHTSwgEp-olw_JwItxX43V8zBcHZg_S01lwDuL_ySoMA6qBCeZ7vM2tZsuSlpcCSDpG0BlREFTwU27cSYX1ft-rh4yAEoAO7Nbd_XM/w400-h266/Cover+Image+Yellow+canary+Drinking+birds_00001.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-76824389564068742132020-05-17T13:18:00.004+02:002020-12-27T05:55:58.073+02:00Is bird size changing in the Fynbos due to climate change?
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">In this recently published paper, I show there is no evidence
for sustained directional body change attributable to climate for the most
commonly ringed birds around the south western Cape: but weather certainly
influences how much the birds weigh.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306525.2019.1683093" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US">Body mass
and condition of a fynbos bird community: investigating impacts of time,
weather and raptor abundance from long-term citizen- science datasets</span></a></p><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306525.2019.1683093" target="_blank"></a><span lang="EN-US">The history
behind this paper, published recently in Ostrich: Journal of African
Ornithology, goes back a way: and I’m not just talking about the data set which
stretches back to 1980 or so. </span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">During my
postdoctoral period, I read from several papers that an impact of climate change
on birds was that many were shrinking in size due to global warming as smaller
birds are able to dissipate heat better than large birds, which conserve heat
better. This had been reported for the UK from ringing records (<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.14183.x" target="_blank">Yom Tov et al </a></span><span lang="EN-US">) as well as for Australia by <a href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2009.1011" target="_blank">Janet Gardner</a></span><span lang="EN-US">. She went on to propose that a
third law of climate change was that species should respond by getting smaller,
and I had the honour of seeing her present at the IOC held in Japan in 2014. I
was very interested in doing something similar for the Fynbos birds: since the
set of endemic birds seem especially vulnerable to climate change: results I
presented at that IOC and published the <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bird-conservation-international/article/endemic-birds-of-the-fynbos-biome-a-conservation-assessment-and-impacts-of-climate-change/0B30146A857D9E1FC718B5EF63224B6E" target="_blank">following year in Bird Conservation International</a></span><span lang="EN-US">. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> As a bird
ringer, I take many measurements, but I have not taken them for long enough to examine
patterns from my own dataset alone: I needed more data. I approached Dieter
Oschadleus, then head of SAFRING (the organization responsible for managing
ringing records and activities in South Africa and further afield in Africa). Ringers
submit their biometric information to SAFRING, but Dieter requested that I
needed to get permission from the individual ringers in order to use their information.
Unfortunately, because of data protection and old records, this turned out to
be a lot harder than it seemed. Also: many ringers had passed away during the
lost history of the project. Nonetheless I persevered until I had permission to
use most of the data available in the Western Cape. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">It was a
big day for me when the huge data file from SAFRING finally landed in my inbox.
Since I’d previously attempted to examine ringing records for the nectarivores,
I knew that this was the start of the journey: this data was historically
unvetted, and so coming up with a sensible way of data checking was the next
challenge. Also, trying to get spatially and temporally good data was also a
challenge: there are only intermittent records for most of the Fynbos, so I had
to select the region around Cape Town. That was fine, since that is still the
only true Mediterranean type climate of the Fynbos (with winter rainfall),
which also would reduce the confounder of different sub-climates. I also needed
to get South African Weather Service weather station data, which involved
signing contracts to ensure the data would not be shared. And then that data
was also less than perfect and some serious thinking was required in order to
come up with the best way of getting a weather series that matched the ringing
data. In the end I opted for a mean approach, based on the 4 stations with the
best data.<span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Of course,
field work was also a distraction: that year was an especially busy one
tracking down <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306525.2017.1343209" target="_blank">Hottentot Buttonquails</a> and catching <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306525.2018.1509905" target="_blank">Cape Rockjumpers</a>, so progress
with analysis was slow, and before I knew it: it was the end of 2016 and my
postdoc. I’d also taken on the role of Editor-in-Chief of Ostrich, and part of
my commitment to improving the journal was to publish my own best work there. A
few years later I’d learn this is frowned upon, but the commitments had been
made by then, and I’ll get onto the independent editorial process in a bit. In
the meantime, behind on the analysis I was still analysing data in my hotel
room at the Pan African Ornithological Congress in Senegal for the presentation
to be given that week to Africa’s select ornithologists. At that stage it did
appear that some species were showing significant body mass decrease with time:
but that was a rudimentary analysis not taking into account the impact of
ringer, season and other variables: and these had a very large effect on the
patterns. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">At the
conference, leading ornithologists Will Cresswell and Colin Beale pointed out
that an explanation for body mass change could simply be that birds were
adapting to changes in the predator landscape: the predation-starvation
hypothesis. Raptors would thus also need to be considered when considering body
size change. I missed my chance to submit the article to the PAOC special
issue, as analyses became more and more complicated. It would only be 2018 that
I would first submit, having performed reams of statistical tests, learnt
time-series analysis and other statistical techniques to try and get to grips
with this dataset and what it meant.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The
peer-review process was independently handled by former editor-in-chief of
Ostrich, Lizanne Roxburgh, with Amanda Ridley (whom I have never met) in charge
of the decision. Amanda managed to get no less than four reviewers to peer
review the article: I’ve never had to deal with that many before (2 is standard).
As such, there were many comments and a general mood of skepticism from the
reviewers, many of which called for different re-analysis from different
modelling stand points. It would take no less than 3 resubmissions, most with
additional angles or modelling approaches, before the reviewers were satisfied and
relinquished that at least in this case the expected body size change attributable
to climate change was mostly not observed. It is important to note that this
does not mean that climate is not impacting these birds: clear body mass responses
were noted in relation to temperature for several species: but at the short-term
scale, with temperature of the previous day and rainfall negatively impacting
the weight of many species.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Since this
article was submitted and accepted for publication, two other notable studies
have come out that have received wide publicity. In South Africa, an analysis
of ringing data for Mountain Wagtail suggested directional body size change
with the title: “Are animals shrinking due to climate change? Temperature</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "cambria math", serif;">‑</span><span lang="EN-US">mediated selection on body mass in mountain wagtails.” </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">This study
found that mass of birds was getting lower, and that survival at different
temperature was linked to body mass. First, it is important to note that mass
is often a poor proxy of size, especially at the levels measured in this study.
Mass is dependent on many things: age, sex, time of capture, predation pressure
and the recapture record for this study is very uneven. While they show that
mass of ‘replacement’ birds decreased with time, they also found that the mass
of recaptured birds was lower: clearly these were not changing size. The
magnitude of these mass changes was tiny (0.027 g/year), which could be a measurement
artifact (scales measured to 0.1g). In addition: there was no statistical
change in temperature for this ringing site. It is thus a stretch to link climate
change to body size change, which is the message of the paper. By contrast, we
tested not only mass, but also wing length and body condition indices (mass controlled
for by size, where we use wing measurement) and found no temporally directional
response for most of these birds. An exception was Barn Swallow: the only
migrant in our set of 40 species. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The second
notable paper that was taken up in the media as evidence for climate change
influences on body morphology </span><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ele.13434">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ele.13434</a>.
This impressive study showed increasing wing length and decreasing tarsus length
for a diverse range of migratory species from north America, with changes
explained by increasing summer temperatures. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">However, when one examines the literature on body size change
in relation to climate change, it is notable that one of the biggest papers in
the field found exactly the opposite result in Australia (decreasing wing length,
used as a proxy for body size) but also attributed this to climate change. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">At this stage it would appear that while attributing change
in what we measure to climate is fashionable, there is certainly no evidence one way or the
other for a ‘universal law’ at this period in climate time. <span> </span><span><span> <br /></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd3uR6CXHXQrOkdCm6IAHLXhmtCDLXwkYWtbF9GIOLfVlB5xvgmkhx8oe_riUfW5MRGBS6X3UC9TJHYEvgtDop9VijjKPeRMtKiQ_OWCP2EUEFo9swmxle868XUUuTvya7tlt7nXCbt8Ij/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3120" data-original-width="4160" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd3uR6CXHXQrOkdCm6IAHLXhmtCDLXwkYWtbF9GIOLfVlB5xvgmkhx8oe_riUfW5MRGBS6X3UC9TJHYEvgtDop9VijjKPeRMtKiQ_OWCP2EUEFo9swmxle868XUUuTvya7tlt7nXCbt8Ij/w640-h480/IMG_20200422_094744.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Is this bird smaller than a few years ago? It may seem so from this ringer's perspective since she is now much bigger.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">I would like to thank my co-authors on the paper for their valuable contributions: Phoebe Barnard especially for her faith in me over the years and positive attitude, Chris Lennard for insights into climate change, Ben Smit for his intellectual prowess, Mike Fraser (for the European perspective plus ringing hundreds of birds in the Fynbos) and Dieter Oschadleus: who also contributed much data and editorial advice on the paper. <br /><span><span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
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<![endif]-->Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-89732015135763492902020-02-20T05:00:00.002+02:002020-02-20T05:00:39.227+02:00Off-road Adventures in Kenya<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">After a
late arrival in Nairobi, safely delivered by Kenya Airways, it was an early
start with Malika Fettak (Biosphere Expeditions’ expedition leader) to pick up two
4x4 vehicles. This being Kenya, we checked the 2.4 liter Hilux very carefully
but, it would transpire, not carefully enough. Our first challenge was to get
to the Enonkishu conservancy on the edge of Mara, an estimated 6 hour drive. To
do this one has to descend the escarpment into the rift valley: which must be
one of the most dangerous roads in Africa. Impatient trucks overtake on blind
bends in the badly pot-holed road, or even on the unpaved verge. Olive baboons
snack on discarded corn cobs. As a driver one can only snatch glimpses of the
tremendous views over the rift valley.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It was in
this convoy of vehicles, that the battery light in my vehicle first lit up on
the dashboard. Concerned, I turned off the headlights, unplugged the cell phone
charger and turned off the radio. The battery light went off, but by the time
I’d descended the escarpment it was on again, and not much further the ABS
brake warning light was on too. The car was clearly struggling. In the next
major town, Narok, I headed straight for a garage that looked like they did
batteries. As expected, the car was dead. Being a hire car, getting permission
to change the batteries was a saga, but permission was given to change one of
the 2 batteries. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ages later,
back on the road, the rain set in. Tropical rain. But within 10 minutes of
lights and busy windscreen wipers, the check battery warning light was back on.
It was clear the vehicle was not going to make it to the conservancy. We were
still on the ‘good’ tar road. The next town seemed very far away, knowing you
are driving on road with crazy people but hardly able to see out the window. The
car died as we were trying to find a safe place to leave it in the next village.
I climbed in with Malika, we arranged for the car to be collected by the hire
agency, and we continued. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The road to
the conservancy would be the next adventure: mud puddles in a track mostly
washed away from the rain. At a small stream crossing a Toyota passenger transporter
was stuck. Lots of people all around. We wondered how to pass. A tractor arrived
and pulled it out. I got through without a problem. But the rain continued, and
it was dark. We discovered the car lights had no ‘high’ beam, so the road was
illuminated maybe 20m in front of us. The final stretch to the conservancy the
road was literally a river, it felt like a boat would be more suitable for this
section of the road. Luckily we encountered no elephant or other wildlife in
the road. Almost there, with the camp but meters away, I finally got stuck in a
what looked to be puddle but was a deep hole. A fortuitously passing local
ranger managed to free us. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The next
day in the camp was all about setting up, organizing equipment. We didn’t want
to go out. Rebekah, the conservancy manager, told of a male lion that had
breached one of their cattle bomas the previous evening. I got to grips with
the local birds. The broken car was delivered in the evening. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Day 2, it was
decided I needed to learn some of the routes in the conservancy. Neither of the
vehicles would start! But Jimmy, the magical handyman, sorted out the poor
connections to the battery. There was water everywhere. Roads were more an idea
than a reality. We navigated chasms, dongas, mud, cross country. Mud flew from
spinning wheels. But we saw Cheetah, and much wildlife: it was all concentrated
on the highlands to escape the flooded grasslands. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Day starts
to the sound of hippo in the Mara River. We drink coffee while bushbabies
scream in the riverine vegetation. We must leave early to get to Nairobi to do
shopping and pick up another vehicle. We leave camp at 7am. We assist one
passenger car stuck in a puddle. The next crossing a truck and a tractor are
stuck. Eventually another tractor arrives and pulls out the stuck tractor. We
get through again. Then we hit a traffic jam of Maasai on motorbikes on their
way to market with chickens or other produce . What is normally a small stream is
in flood. Fast flowing water extends for 200m across the road. I do some
birding with a crowd of local interested children. They learn the word
‘binoculars’. Malika is stressed: how do we get to Nairobi? After an hour we
learn there is another, longer, route to the north of the conservancy. We
navigate our way out the queue. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The tricky
crossing with the stuck truck. Malika is driving. Entering the stream we slip off
the track, deep into the river. Water is coming through the door. I climb out
the window to strip to start pushing out. Up to my groin in water, there is a
crowd of people to help; we rock and push the car out. 2<sup>nd</sup> attempt,
Malika makes it. By 1:30 pm we are back at the camp we’d left earlier that
morning. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">We head
north, the road is deceptively good. We learn we are on the wrong road, and are
pointed up a muddy path in the direction of the village we need to get to. We
are told the road is bad. It is terrible: vehicles do not use this, and we slip-slide
our way north, there are many ‘nearly’ incidents. Camel Trophy would think
twice about this route. An eternity of mud later we get to the tar road. It is
4pm and we still have 6 hours to Nairobi… up that dangerous road, in the dark. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">That was the first of many off-road adventures.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-75078241260645862412019-12-05T18:43:00.000+02:002019-12-05T18:43:17.763+02:00Boegoeberg Dam BioBash: SABAP2 atlassing report<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">1 to 5 October 2019.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">Altha Liebenberg, Les
Underhill and Salome Willemse put together a BioBash at Boegoeberg Dam Holiday
Resort on the banks of the Orange River near Groblershoop. This was one of the
best sponsored but most poorly attended bashes I have been to: remoteness and
unfortunate incidents taking their toll on several initial interested parties.
The Resort sponsored the safari tents (2 people sharing), including a kitchen
tent. Altha Liebenberg secured sponsorship for dinners, snacks and goody bags.
All we had to bring was a sleeping bag, binoculars, and BirdLasser. Apart from
the organisers, other participants were friends of Altha’s: Hardy and Joey; a
student of Les’: Karis, myself and Stefan. On the upside, it meant we could eat
left-over Kalahari steaks for breakfast. </span></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">Altha is a prolific
contributor to the ADU’s Virtual Museums, while Karis is doing a thesis on
modelling approaches using sparse data sets, using the BirdPix
database, so her contributions would be focused on that. Les is also now more
focused on Odonata (Dragonfly) mapping. This meant that there would be only 3
bird atlassers: Salome, Stefan and myself. So perhaps this wasn’t so much to be an
atlassing bash as an atlassing tap or knock. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">I departed Blue Hill
Escape on the Monday to join Stefan in Beaufort West, for an early morning
departure the following day to tackle some virgin pentads north-west of
Britstown. Stefan had arranged landowner access, and had specifically targeted
these pentads to test his predictive model for finding Sclater’s Lark, trained
on frequent encounters on the Aberdeen plain in the vicinity of Beaufort West. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">Our early start was
negated by the theft of Stefan’s wife’s boxes of school books and purse, which
we learnt about as we were passing through Victoria West. Turned out I was the
perpetrator of the crime, having accidentally packed in the boxes along with our camping
kit. Luckily, although the Northern Cape is a big province, you don’t have to
work hard to find someone who knows someone who can lend a hand, and we were
able to hand off the stolen items to extended family connections in Victoria
West who would arrange that it be returned to Beaufort West the same day within
a matter of hours. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">After the minor
setback (minor for us, major for Stefan’s wife), we obtained the key from the
farmer for our desired pentad, passed through several locked gates, and then
pretty much drove straight up to a watering trough which within minutes
delivered visiting parties of Sclater’s Lark. It is always incredible to
experience this species; and to realise that we might have a real key to
determining range and habitat use of this mysterious bird. Sclater’s Lark has a
very large range, stretching into Namibia, but is very sparsely encountered
within that range. None-the-less, it can be very frequent at certain livestock
drinking points: but also not all of these, and what determined their
preferences had certainly not been cracked by me after 2 years traversing the
Karoo. Stefan had cracked the code basically in his spare time, and the record that
morning likely represents an eastwards range extension for the species in the
Northern Cape. We’re hoping Robin Colyn will formerly introduce the predictive
model as part of his PhD on rare and enigmatic lark species. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">We got to the second
pentad only just before midday: never ideal for spotting birds in the Karoo,
especially when a brisk, cold wind is blowing. Despite some time at an ideal
water-spot, Sclater’s remained hidden here (but in this case the lack of a
sighting certainly not representing an indication of certain absence). Birds in
this pentad certainly indicated that we were on our way to the Kalahari though:
with plenty of Stark’s Lark, and both Karoo and Kalahari Scrub Robins. A scarcity
of Lark-like Bunting was commented on.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">That was a super first
day, and we reached Boegoeberg Dam just in time for the evening meal, with
>700km under the Isuzu's fanbelt. Boegoeberg Dam is a big fishing destination, but
being out of holiday season our little party had the newly renovated campsite
all to ourselves. The new manager, Magda, is certainly working very hard to
turn around the reputation of this beautiful site, a once neglected municipal
campground. The sound track of the campsite would be African Fish Eagle by day
and Pearl-spotted Owlets by night.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">Salome had come up the
day before, and had already made serious progress in improving coverage. In
terms of efficiency, its hard to beat this lady. Large coverage maps had been
printed out (thanks Tino), and we were all issued a version which included roads: great for
planning. The challenge for our small party of 3 atlassers was how to maximise
coverage with only 2 vehicles, and with access to the east confounded by the
Orange River, effectively restricting our access to the western banks. Luckily, Salome is
fine with driving big distances, and I had my bicycle, so an action plan soon
unfolded. The ghost town of Putsonderwater beckoned to Salome, while it made
more sense for the bicycle to cover ground closer to the base. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">Stefan dropped me off
2 pentads to the south, and my day proceeded smoothly. I dropped into the only
farmstead in the area, and got permission to scale the electric fence towards
my targeted virgin pentad from the owner. I had a cracking day, with 40+
species counts on my 3 pentads, with highlights including nesting Verreaux’s
Eagle, Kori Bustard, Double-banded Sandgrouse and Great Sparrow (BirdLasser
Golden Point). Stefan’s day was more challenging, with roadside birding his
first pentad hard work without access to water in a landscape dominated by dry
Driedoring, and many locked gates confounding access to his delegated virgin
pentad. He managed to eventually find a phone number on a farm sign, and got access
permission from an absentee landowner based in Upington who simply flies into
his game farm. Turns out the pentad Stefan got access to was also the one I was
doing, so this ended up being well covered from west and east. We ended our day
atlassing the base pentad by canoe on the Boegoeberg Dam, which was an awesome
and productive experience. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">Salome’s highlight of
the day was the ghost town of Putsonderwater, plus a family of Spotted Eagle
Owl, and a remote pentad with little access but that luckily had a dam in the
corner that allowed access and produced a decent species list. An abandoned
farm in one pentad painted a picture of the hard conditions driving people off
the land, certainly reflecting sentiments by other landowners we spoke to in
the area. Certainly Uniondale, seems to have lots of competition in terms of
ghosts in these parts. Many other pentads would keep their birds a secret
behind locked gates and electric fences. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">A strong north-westerly
wind the following day would lay waste to ambitious plans for great coverage
and further photo records. The hot wind turned the sky brown with Kalahari
dust, which settled in our eyes, ears, and even left a fine layer of dust on
all possessions within the closed tents. That evening I asked Karis what their
sighting of the day was: a Plain-backed Pipit. You know its been a tough day
when bird of the day is a pipit. Stefan and I certainly could not produce a
bird of the day, but considered ourselves lucky: the farmer that had given us
permission to access a virgin pentad along the Orange River gave us shelter and
food in exchange for company.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">Refreshed from our
enforced day of rest, and with the last full field day ahead of us, it was time
to catch up with work. My target pentad for the day was an inaccessible pentad,
so Stefan dropped me and the bicycle off on the side of the road to head off to his pentad with a dam that would produce the record species total list of the
expedition: 86 species in 4 hours. In the meantime, I was pushing my bike
through Driedoring bossies, to then scale an electric fence, to access the
virgin pentad. Given that this would likely be the only time anyone will ever
do this pentad, I was obliged to cover all habitats, which involved climbing a
mountain (the reward for which was merely a Grey-backed Cisticola), and pushing
the bicycle through several kilometres of red dune lands. Unbelievable, as I
scaled the last gate to get to the N10, within minutes Stefan was at hand to
pick me up. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">We then spent the rest
of the afternoon turning Stefan’s ad-hoc card started 2 days previously into a
full protocol card. While this is usually hard work for the midday-afternoon
period, by the late afternoon when we found a well-maintained farmhouse, we
were suddenly on 48 species. Stefan has a joke that he won’t submit an atlas
card if it has fewer than 50 species, which meant that we then had to spend
another hour looking for the last 2 missing species. Since Salome was on the
verge of sending out a search party a few nights previously when we wondered
off try to beat her pentad species list for the base pentad, we eventually on
49 species decided that perhaps 50 would escape us this time. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">So, our bird of the
day was definitely a Helmeted Guineafowl. Literally as we heard the BirdLasser beep
to indicate we’d crossed the pentad boundary, a flock of these beautiful birds
crossed the road in front of us. A quick reverse and sure enough some flew into
the pentad so we could justifiably bring up the 50 score for the day, to the
sound of celebratory High-5s. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">Salome had spent her
birthday doing 4 pentads on the northern side of the river, again accompanied
by Karis, snapping away for the BirdPix project. Salome was ensuring her base
camp species list lead, which stood at 78 species at the end, would be the
winning total. This time their bird of the day was a Pied Wagtail. That night
over a celebratory bottle of bubbly (for the birthday, not the wagtail) we
would learn that if these two were to be reborn as birds, they’d both want to
be Wandering Albatross. I’ve resigned myself to the fate that if reincarnation
is a thing that I shall be an Ostrich, given my current role in life (Editor of Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology). Stefan
wasn’t to be dragged into this nonsense of course. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In terms of serious work done Salome had the
best coverage, with 14 pentads in the pentads associated with Boegoeberg Dam:
close to 4 pentads a day. Stefan also clocked up 14, but including pentads in
the region of Britstown, with me as co-contributor to several of these. I
contributed only 4 unique lists, but these included two difficult virgin
pentads. Everyone clocked up more than 100 species for their trip lists, so
despite the drought conditions, the interface of Karoo and Kalahari together
with frequent access to dams and the Orange River means this is a bird species
rich area, and will certainly be on my radar for future trips to the Kalahari. Of
course the work in the field was the fun part, a test pentad listed submitted
to SABAP2 produced 6 out-of-range forms from a card of 50 species: so
justifying our sightings will be the work of the coming weeks. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">Again, thanks to all
team members: Les Underhill for encouragement and chasing off monkeys (a loud
‘KaWamba’ is the secret), Hardy and Joey for camp maintenance and cooking,
Salome for excellent coordination, and Altha for the inspiration and securement
of sponsorship. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxMjF7Rsd1rrhN3M_N9Pk054KREFZS9QO4KObdsbVYJU8lEnPFWKbPf17W9aZEIuf1logJjIYmbePJ1CkrHdmOAkBWmeaikKCRpRefHX22fhSMiuNv5dnzy6AdkwroxHGH918TsuA-N8ax/s1600/African+Palm+Swift_00001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="938" data-original-width="1265" height="473" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxMjF7Rsd1rrhN3M_N9Pk054KREFZS9QO4KObdsbVYJU8lEnPFWKbPf17W9aZEIuf1logJjIYmbePJ1CkrHdmOAkBWmeaikKCRpRefHX22fhSMiuNv5dnzy6AdkwroxHGH918TsuA-N8ax/s640/African+Palm+Swift_00001.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">African Palm Swift</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSI-W8UdF4GEp8wVLUMdjHhvBpmT56fFZvU7A8BLHW0xteFFmiyTchehAkO3NNaPinW03xG5SHNx1qmkYn2sHYc0zxjEnchCTXidZo9cy_wjjlvo_2AyeqB8tUsYN1_aa30fl0pa0rrq-r/s1600/Ashy+Tit_00001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1129" data-original-width="1600" height="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSI-W8UdF4GEp8wVLUMdjHhvBpmT56fFZvU7A8BLHW0xteFFmiyTchehAkO3NNaPinW03xG5SHNx1qmkYn2sHYc0zxjEnchCTXidZo9cy_wjjlvo_2AyeqB8tUsYN1_aa30fl0pa0rrq-r/s640/Ashy+Tit_00001.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ashy Tit</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYzob9_n2PtLKtbYoyvGEPsV1lNxbf2hSHbcdJ8iLFiEyJIVAPmVaegxUZvv66W_8m19kWedfXw-j4N37Dkx5VsydvyA9tDiWmmwUflVLlzDlw1O-EkWlNhIwshvnLpBYI02dkR3QR1D6i/s1600/Large-billed+Lark_00001_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1050" data-original-width="1599" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYzob9_n2PtLKtbYoyvGEPsV1lNxbf2hSHbcdJ8iLFiEyJIVAPmVaegxUZvv66W_8m19kWedfXw-j4N37Dkx5VsydvyA9tDiWmmwUflVLlzDlw1O-EkWlNhIwshvnLpBYI02dkR3QR1D6i/s640/Large-billed+Lark_00001_01.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Large-billed Lark</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDoFb1EihPGGoQYKbRRjpHpi1l1fDUqLq2Wob-XD7iR6g_lrASWGKh1FsM2XdVdYGBfMpqDSqCNPB1M4MLjMyi9IZuDKPqNG44l9VcLIpjAml6sY7N3R2IGtAJIsdHbwlcixvhApuW195E/s1600/Northern+Black+Korhaan+female_00001_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1131" data-original-width="1600" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDoFb1EihPGGoQYKbRRjpHpi1l1fDUqLq2Wob-XD7iR6g_lrASWGKh1FsM2XdVdYGBfMpqDSqCNPB1M4MLjMyi9IZuDKPqNG44l9VcLIpjAml6sY7N3R2IGtAJIsdHbwlcixvhApuW195E/s640/Northern+Black+Korhaan+female_00001_01.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Female Northern Black Korhaan</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWq9f6lfJnl_KpJCyywCphOuVBSeF6aG5L0e8UzCBo11rz5st46sn00PdKucKlv6XHbOuy82rLucgoXAuH8_JmUDkm3itw7c30ZY5qrqgRLFcrekKAaZpJnoMGDF9FgOOkE1SJ47JNMd4D/s1600/Red-capped+Lark_00001_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1159" data-original-width="1600" height="462" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWq9f6lfJnl_KpJCyywCphOuVBSeF6aG5L0e8UzCBo11rz5st46sn00PdKucKlv6XHbOuy82rLucgoXAuH8_JmUDkm3itw7c30ZY5qrqgRLFcrekKAaZpJnoMGDF9FgOOkE1SJ47JNMd4D/s640/Red-capped+Lark_00001_01.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Red-capped Lark</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghWP6WyiCYeydiEDQ7CWvKZPzTBxqY3IMciCDcHgziveRhfuKlWq-7ioeTYJfwdaC2wj4p-Z_Hx1iQ4_t0OHq93R9NE3bPxu7fUeuyD0D7rG6LeqvFLigdQJfRahnrn-tXeGYwHYN41iia/s1600/Springbok+to+water_00001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghWP6WyiCYeydiEDQ7CWvKZPzTBxqY3IMciCDcHgziveRhfuKlWq-7ioeTYJfwdaC2wj4p-Z_Hx1iQ4_t0OHq93R9NE3bPxu7fUeuyD0D7rG6LeqvFLigdQJfRahnrn-tXeGYwHYN41iia/s640/Springbok+to+water_00001.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Springbok</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMhmHttXn7VXTsKhczhcpLL39d13YIBAbcFbYB78MN3G5LsvsPuoH1K5aBssKEXrDTh_iBU2kbwSiLjA4KCB6X41i-ypYUb5mIO8yhkgVqZbYMg7P57JMZG1Z_6K62_itezqYYAD_rbbH2/s1600/White-browed+Sparrow-Weaver_00001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1125" data-original-width="1600" height="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMhmHttXn7VXTsKhczhcpLL39d13YIBAbcFbYB78MN3G5LsvsPuoH1K5aBssKEXrDTh_iBU2kbwSiLjA4KCB6X41i-ypYUb5mIO8yhkgVqZbYMg7P57JMZG1Z_6K62_itezqYYAD_rbbH2/s640/White-browed+Sparrow-Weaver_00001.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">White-browed Sparrow-weaver</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi41HmKe_R8ESVhgL1HwElscASf9Whys-bKc9m4ek6p-est2-ilViH68ybYVygYI-GPBYwFugxF6bi67CTzMj487qlGfQPbe0CsVjN8UkvYCq12BB3rHq573jYkiZbjAOGTe0Vtx0kPE3VZ/s1600/blog_00001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi41HmKe_R8ESVhgL1HwElscASf9Whys-bKc9m4ek6p-est2-ilViH68ybYVygYI-GPBYwFugxF6bi67CTzMj487qlGfQPbe0CsVjN8UkvYCq12BB3rHq573jYkiZbjAOGTe0Vtx0kPE3VZ/s1600/blog_00001.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stefan Theron and the secret to finding Sclater's Lark. Who'd have guessed?</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT43mCxUYKCPbLHUh9E0a6w4uxIQDRhf3tJtuFW4aJznOpDHShe8YCrGIdv9EuWO-AL1rhhb4xBq_kUpK8MHjKbvLQOz8i5Z3ogohRpkWFtJ2nlRnu_hJQusmZxdAszc4n-PDna-3a6q6V/s1600/blog_00002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT43mCxUYKCPbLHUh9E0a6w4uxIQDRhf3tJtuFW4aJznOpDHShe8YCrGIdv9EuWO-AL1rhhb4xBq_kUpK8MHjKbvLQOz8i5Z3ogohRpkWFtJ2nlRnu_hJQusmZxdAszc4n-PDna-3a6q6V/s1600/blog_00002.jpg" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyvJzxDGaVSDxC1cDS6enagA8Ej6eyM0HN9RlFcdFcqKleWLzcofhd8duU0uUYF31weSJvLNIZsl4MFXYohzwFXpaR4a9z4Dvb8EHf43WuF57FRe6nybXAYSNSazjsDyrlhMRtMzRt12bo/s1600/blog_00003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyvJzxDGaVSDxC1cDS6enagA8Ej6eyM0HN9RlFcdFcqKleWLzcofhd8duU0uUYF31weSJvLNIZsl4MFXYohzwFXpaR4a9z4Dvb8EHf43WuF57FRe6nybXAYSNSazjsDyrlhMRtMzRt12bo/s1600/blog_00003.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The hundreds of kilometers of low-line electric fencing is very disturbing to me. As one local put it "We're killing tortoises in their thousands"</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKu40cq9oaBJo3MnlzC5Q-R9dmgLo8H6bO0SM-9SHUbkKB8uF0nlFO_cbJXWfLx6i90_gXbITzjisWFR_laXaGoslx7OPSsBH-5F7r2si287vvOIS93mOORUhqxAZW7jeZX922e1deGU4k/s1600/blog_00004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKu40cq9oaBJo3MnlzC5Q-R9dmgLo8H6bO0SM-9SHUbkKB8uF0nlFO_cbJXWfLx6i90_gXbITzjisWFR_laXaGoslx7OPSsBH-5F7r2si287vvOIS93mOORUhqxAZW7jeZX922e1deGU4k/s1600/blog_00004.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Birding by boat!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdpt9p8em1si-1LVPsNsHElPAIZqMwenKxaw8cLuSlQ47pxSwlAjCcEW_Lm6qtiq1OhncRz2w21cE8aL3ChZaVRzbQgvVNTJnB8Uxoq7WLnGKj8kcsXEfow56em5_WEfBf2yIrCFWMLye4/s1600/blog_00005.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdpt9p8em1si-1LVPsNsHElPAIZqMwenKxaw8cLuSlQ47pxSwlAjCcEW_Lm6qtiq1OhncRz2w21cE8aL3ChZaVRzbQgvVNTJnB8Uxoq7WLnGKj8kcsXEfow56em5_WEfBf2yIrCFWMLye4/s1600/blog_00005.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The dam wall</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhymC03jNBD5qLsNcJBLJLm0z9KKxIsqL8pLbb1uK5eCUo5zFS2xQktWYwyhazYJ_FffyyBnQKXaz1BljQq9YbWT6EyKS04hK79WKiJYIDb-Rpz4Hy_GZ1hK2SFD9gCt8n9rg0753_rPBAq/s1600/blog_00006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhymC03jNBD5qLsNcJBLJLm0z9KKxIsqL8pLbb1uK5eCUo5zFS2xQktWYwyhazYJ_FffyyBnQKXaz1BljQq9YbWT6EyKS04hK79WKiJYIDb-Rpz4Hy_GZ1hK2SFD9gCt8n9rg0753_rPBAq/s1600/blog_00006.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I've now an additional skill for my CV: getting over electric fences with a bicycle.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs30e4H1hfRwix-RqPqJEy63rxuZe5cbOihU7nqmGq0x2PckyxqK-C70Nh23bYm9GL2P1DJ308pbxbshbWQSZuWrOB46JZk2O8eHqLD-UCAB1POiCDEudwVbvwRl-fPJiYYcPtsq-Ya-Ma/s1600/blog_00007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs30e4H1hfRwix-RqPqJEy63rxuZe5cbOihU7nqmGq0x2PckyxqK-C70Nh23bYm9GL2P1DJ308pbxbshbWQSZuWrOB46JZk2O8eHqLD-UCAB1POiCDEudwVbvwRl-fPJiYYcPtsq-Ya-Ma/s1600/blog_00007.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8H_HN9BIm6riqob2m0hVGPv1Mbo2mS1qgGmABeWqQH5CmF4BvQQoeKOBU7HCRG8PpeESaNmEb8Jxq6U4CaFwetK7ykN-txt3dhc8cM6dsXqSl0D3a00RE3PNpI9o9kZDHkqfR-VPnNKSi/s1600/blog_00008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8H_HN9BIm6riqob2m0hVGPv1Mbo2mS1qgGmABeWqQH5CmF4BvQQoeKOBU7HCRG8PpeESaNmEb8Jxq6U4CaFwetK7ykN-txt3dhc8cM6dsXqSl0D3a00RE3PNpI9o9kZDHkqfR-VPnNKSi/s1600/blog_00008.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The kind of sign its better to find once you leave a property.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3e7aEeRO5oMiA1IUJgmjhRhIWMkjGXGchQJsecnd0kb8egKSPiUxxYu29j_sgTeXBIAp3yZolABTY5G7A0mLbF7PtVjssQAc1HkgO_RSr3uF57gYLIhPVPO8VE0qMKenJp4nJwPQl2PTk/s1600/blog_00009.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3e7aEeRO5oMiA1IUJgmjhRhIWMkjGXGchQJsecnd0kb8egKSPiUxxYu29j_sgTeXBIAp3yZolABTY5G7A0mLbF7PtVjssQAc1HkgO_RSr3uF57gYLIhPVPO8VE0qMKenJp4nJwPQl2PTk/s1600/blog_00009.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Altha and her legendary bakkie.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1weuGAhsgeR-Ie4nI3mSSJhxn_k6_4OjpFZCAhQeeb81EAP58yaqWoGk4YkvGTOFVJtSYpxWYRBKjdl5iuwETuZEpp1WsqqbXn8wlVclCuNAG8O0WzsHpNn3jl1HEuZ8hQLkwVnmmSfUA/s1600/blog_00010.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1weuGAhsgeR-Ie4nI3mSSJhxn_k6_4OjpFZCAhQeeb81EAP58yaqWoGk4YkvGTOFVJtSYpxWYRBKjdl5iuwETuZEpp1WsqqbXn8wlVclCuNAG8O0WzsHpNn3jl1HEuZ8hQLkwVnmmSfUA/s1600/blog_00010.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kofi time - Karoo style!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-83981922013811766482019-10-15T13:13:00.003+02:002019-10-15T15:01:03.632+02:00Uniondale: 1 step closer to becoming a ghost town with the closure of Standard Bank<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">Uniondale, population 4500
(living people), will be left with only 1 bank (ABSA) come the end of October
2019 with the closure of the Standard Bank branch. This was not one of the
branches earmarked to be closed during 2019, when 104 Standard Bank branches across the
country were closed earlier this year. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">The closure was announced in September,
after the CEO Sim Tshabalala announced that branch closures was a mistake: </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/standard-bank-to-review-decision-to-close-90-branches/">http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/standard-bank-to-review-decision-to-close-90-branches/</a></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">Uniondale services a large agricultural
community beyond the town itself. The closure means job losses in a town already
struggling economically: most of the population depends either directly on grants or
government sponsored public works programs. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">FNB closed its doors in Uniondale
roughly 7 years ago. I was banking with FNB at the time and switched to Standard
Bank, a bank I have used since my parents opened me an account when I was a
minor. While it is true that we mostly use online banking and the ATM, there
are definitely occasions when the staff are required: my elderly mother needing
to go into the branch recently when she encountered a problem with the ATM. Now,
the closest Standard Bank branch to Blue Hill Escape is either Oudtshoorn or George,
both a 2-hour one-way drive away. Now I will need to consider switching to the already very busy ABSA.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">The closure of the branch
signifies a great betrayal to our family and to our rural community. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">So if you see people on the side
of the N9 past Uniondale thumbing for a lift: its probably just some local people
trying to make their way to a bank, rather than the local ghost. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMi-4nZMG_ddg-N5HNK16_vwzC0tXdTIVAwTmuykB0X_q5e2pZ0Xbn3WiDvUKAoAkkvocA6g2INjQJ-_dDEe_wV0MfG_VMIm8d5qkFEkx1a8z0a20UrvraSbR0qVql-EKA1AJ4AdiDslBM/s1600/Standard+Bank+Uniondale.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="767" data-original-width="1345" height="363" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMi-4nZMG_ddg-N5HNK16_vwzC0tXdTIVAwTmuykB0X_q5e2pZ0Xbn3WiDvUKAoAkkvocA6g2INjQJ-_dDEe_wV0MfG_VMIm8d5qkFEkx1a8z0a20UrvraSbR0qVql-EKA1AJ4AdiDslBM/s640/Standard+Bank+Uniondale.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Standard Bank Uniondale: image grabbed from Google <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/uv?hl=en&pb=!1s0x1e7f333a7db56407:0xf8de6e91929d24d0!3m1!7e115!4s/maps/place/standard%2Bbank%2Buniondale/@-33.6555922,23.12883,3a,75y,238.39h,90t/data%3D*213m4*211e1*213m2*211sks60mwW6oLjHcoMcXeSUXw*212e0*214m2*213m1*211s0x1e7f333a7db56407:0xf8de6e91929d24d0?sa%3DX!5sstandard+bank+uniondale+-+Google+Search&imagekey=!1e2!2sks60mwW6oLjHcoMcXeSUXw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiguaPjjp7lAhUMFRQKHROPDA8Qpx8wCnoECAoQBg" target="_blank">streetview</a>.</td></tr>
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Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-46480894668291329732019-09-15T08:36:00.000+02:002019-09-15T08:36:05.162+02:00Linking SABAP2 reporting rates to bird density estimates <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Reporting rate is the most commonly used abundance measure
derived from SABAP2 data and reflects how many times a species appears per
pentad; or set of pentads. Intuitively, species with high reporting rates
should be more abundant, i.e. have a higher density, measured as the number of
individuals per unit area. But reporting rate might also be influenced by
differences in the ease with which species are detected. <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306525.2015.1021287" target="_blank">Factors that might affect detection rate in addition to abundance include bird size, sentinel and vocal behaviour, as well as the habitat in which a species occurs. </a></div>
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For example, density estimates of Cape Rockjumper are
between 1–5 individuals per km<sup>2</sup> across their range, Cape White-eye
occur at a density of 40–50 individuals/km<sup>2</sup> in Fynbos (<span style="color: lime;"><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306525.2016.1219413" target="_blank">Lee & Barnard 2017, Ostrich 88: 9-17</a></span>),
while Lark-like Bunting occurs at a density of 20-500 individuals/km<sup>2</sup>
(<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306525.2018.1553804" target="_blank">Lee et al. 2018, Ostrich 89: 363-372</a>). By comparison, SABAP2 reporting rates are 5–15% for Cape Rockjumper, 50–60%
for Cape White-eyes and 15-25% Lark-like Buntings. Larger, louder birds also
tend to have higher reporting rates compared to their densities: Karoo Korhaan
for instance has a reporting rate of 35–40%, despite occurring at a density of
1–2/km<sup>2</sup>. So, while reporting rates broadly reflect densities, these relationships
are confounded by habitat, size and life-history traits. This means we can’t
just compare reporting rates between species to say one species is more common.
But what about within one species range? Does higher reporting rate in some
locations mean the species is more common there? </div>
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Recently <span style="color: lime;"><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306525.2018.1553804" target="_blank">I explored the relationship between density and reporting rate in pentads for several species in the southern Karoo region</a></span>. Our
team calculated pentad specific density estimates for 49 species and compared
these to reporting rates, finding a good match for 75% of these. That means for
a given species, as a general rule higher reporting rate generally means the
species is more common. </div>
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But what about the exceptions to the rule? The species for
which there was no clear link between reporting rate and abundance were
generally the most common species. This is because they have high reporting
rates, and reporting rate has an upper threshold of 100%. However, density
estimates have no upper limit: for Cape Sparrow a reporting rate of 100% can
mean a density estimate of 2, 10 or 50. The only way to get around this is to
have many, many, cards for a set of pentads (a hundred or more), where the
required detail when then become apparent. A repercussion of this is that for
common species with high reporting rates we may not be able to detect declines
using SABAP2 data. Generally, though, the implications for this are we can have
greater confidence in the information derived from the SABAP2 in terms of what
reporting rates are telling us for a species. For instance, consistent declines
in reporting rate over time are likely due to local declines in density: as
long as we are consistent in our atlassing efforts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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With SABAP2 rolling forward, it also means that nearly all
information required to make decisions regarding a species conservation status
using IUCN criteria can now be acquired from SABAP2 data: range sizes and
population trends (<a href="http://bluehillescape.blogspot.com/2018/03/estimating-conservation-metrics-from.html" target="_blank">Lee et al. 2017, Bird Conservation International 27:323-336</a>), and for some species, population sizes (<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15627020.2019.1629339" target="_blank">de Kock and Lee 2019, African Zoology</a>). That is a great achievement,
which anyone who has ever submitted a list to SABAP2 can be proud of, although there are certainly species for which field work will be required: <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306525.2017.1343209" target="_blank">Hottentot Buttonquail being a case in point</a>. May the
atlassing efforts continue long into the Future. </div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOvnyw_VczbAqqrvfFs0nFvtV1tv-6FMnXUGs3sj8Fprl5jXc5qE9BeX_lp3CixhZRtwx-TvIBrwcsMztkupaWfQtI3P-rGETCwqk2uMAlrmvjkb5Z_qlJ7QBMiBuDgHJ06p6FZz3mlVLj/s1600/Karoo+chat+distribution+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1033" data-original-width="1600" height="411" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOvnyw_VczbAqqrvfFs0nFvtV1tv-6FMnXUGs3sj8Fprl5jXc5qE9BeX_lp3CixhZRtwx-TvIBrwcsMztkupaWfQtI3P-rGETCwqk2uMAlrmvjkb5Z_qlJ7QBMiBuDgHJ06p6FZz3mlVLj/s640/Karoo+chat+distribution+map.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">SABAP2 website now displays reporting rate as a gradient, which allows one to get an idea of abundance within a range: in this case red indicates high abundance, while pink indicates low abundance. White areas had no data at the time this map was created.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIigBkVb7tYYnbvrqOsasE3RGsuaxfS4_eBEyFfYL5yKUvkqjOB2a_HhMF-IU70G1MSxTOa3YqqY6hUp8lWsOmYAfHV21JT3AzpYuCQPGAC5Zerf5jtv8o2I_9YLvDExNx7pNGi6UlAZ0B/s1600/Theoretical+relationship+between+SABAP2+reporting+rate+and+bird+density+estimates.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1033" data-original-width="1600" height="412" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIigBkVb7tYYnbvrqOsasE3RGsuaxfS4_eBEyFfYL5yKUvkqjOB2a_HhMF-IU70G1MSxTOa3YqqY6hUp8lWsOmYAfHV21JT3AzpYuCQPGAC5Zerf5jtv8o2I_9YLvDExNx7pNGi6UlAZ0B/s640/Theoretical+relationship+between+SABAP2+reporting+rate+and+bird+density+estimates.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This chart illustrates the theoretical relationship for a hypothetical species, where increasing reporting rate is correlated with increasing real abundance in pentads across the species range. However, the species reaches an upper density threshold where this relationship fails to provide more information on abundance: when reporting rates reach levels close to 100% then density estimates in this case could by ANY figure upwards of 20 birds per square kilometer. The blue line is a loess smoother to illustrate the trend in the points (density in pentads), but the points could also represent average density of a species together with their average range-wide reporting rate (i.e. each point could also represent a species). </td></tr>
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Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-31120678270011159122019-09-15T07:15:00.001+02:002019-09-15T07:17:46.754+02:00Cyber-bully Klaas van Dijk vs the Omar F. Al-Sheikhly - a cautionary tale to anyone corresponding with Van Dijk about Basra Reed Warbler research<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Cyber-bully
Klaas van Dijk vs the Omar F. Al-Sheikhly - a cautionary tale to anyone
corresponding with Van Dijk about Basra Reed Warbler research</span></b></div>
<b>
</b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">I must
admit have my flaws. I generally go through life believing in the best in
people. So, as editor of Ostrich, Journal of African Ornithology, when I
received an article titled “TnF facilitating research fraud” I was genuinely
interested, and believed I was receiving an article from a rational, decent
human being. Turns out not to be the case; after only a few weeks I was also
being accused of being complicit in fraud, and if you dare disagree with Mr van
Dijk, then you will be too. Possibly also your neighbour, even if they haven’t
even heard of a Basra Reed Warbler and the journal called Zoology in the Middle
East. Certainly, Klaas van Dijk appears to me to resemble a jihadist with the
sole purpose in life of getting papers published by Al-Sheikhly retracted. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">So why as
editor of Ostrich was I interested in the van Dijk article? At the time, with
no background other than the article written by Mr van Dijk, I took him at his
word: the article had quotations of support from many big names in science, and
I presumed the article was novel and would be interesting to readers of the
journal: we could demonstrate that we are willing to consider all sorts of
articles, and have the publisher respond to the allegation. A sort of click
bait saga. As such, I informed Mr van Dijk that I was interested and would
pursue the matter further with TnF. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">However, it
soon became clear that this had already been done: Mr van Dijk (VD for short)
has a project on ResearchGate and a wiki page where he documents his
correspondence with everyone. The article he finds offensive has been commented
on, examined, cross examined to the point of boredom. TnF had already issued
various statements on the matter.... So - not exactly the novel, controversial
story it appeared to be after all, and certainly nothing pertaining to research
in Africa, although the species does occur here to some extent, I have learnt.
And by the way, a common theme in his documentation of communications is that
people stop communicating with him. It was starting to seem a bit like Ostrich
was being used to fulfil a personal agenda.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Meanwhile, considering this to be old news, I declined the story. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">From here,
things went downhill rather fast, and I suspect if you are a semi rational
reader, you will begin to understand why the communication with VD soon stops.
Firstly he writes this to me:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The views
and the statements in your e-mail of 18 May 2019 reveal that you reject that
Al-Sheikhly et al. (2013, 2015) is based on fraud.</span></i><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">WHHAT!? No-way!
In fact, I have no opinion on if the Al-Sheikly story is fraudulent or not, I
am not interested in it, not qualified to comment, and in fact wrote to VD that
I saw his point of view. It could be bad science, fraud, good science, I
honestly do not know. I am being forced to form an opinion on a species I have
never seen, written by people I have never met, in a country I have never been
to. Should it have been retracted? Sure: it would have made everybody’s life
easier, but at this stage while the article is advisedly poor science, actual
fraud has yet to be proven. VD further wrote:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">This
implies that it is mandatory for you to ensure that I, Richard Porter, and all
co-authors of Porter et al. (2015..... get full and unlimited access to the full
set of raw research data of Al-Sheikhly et al. (2013), and before the end of
week 21 (Sunday 26 May 2019).</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">WHHAT!?
That is about as reasonable a request as "Mr VD, please go to the moon and
live out the rest of your days there". I do not have the data, I do not
know the authors nor have any authority to comply with this demand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Alternatively,
I propose you start with working together with me, with Richard Porter, with
all co-authors of Porter et al. (2015a&b), and with lots and lots and lots
etc. of other conservationalists and ornithologists, to ensure that the
fraudulent study on the breeding biology of the Basra Reed Warbler (Al-Sheikhly
et al. 2013, 2015) gets retracted.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Ok - so I
am offered a choice of the impossible, or to join ranks with the lynch mob. To
me, this is a threat, and as we shall see, it was no idle threat. In fact, I
wonder how many others have been either tricked or coerced into supporting his
position. I indicated to VD that I found his email threatening and would not be
corresponding further, and engaged a filter to archive all email from him.
Damn, if only it had been that easy to end this saga.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">VD then
embarked on a personal slander attack directed at me, with this email titled <i>about
Alan Lee and research misconduct and issues at Ostrich</i> to Peter Ryan,
director of the Percy FitzPatrick Institute:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">One week
ago I have informed you and some others at the FitzPatrick Institute of African
Ornithology that your subordinate Alan Lee is currently involved in covering up
a clear case of scientific misconduct. You and others at the FitzPatrick
Institute of African Ornithology have until now not informed me that these
allegations are unfounded and/or incorrect.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Clarification:
I am not a subordinate of anyone, I am an independent researcher, with an
affiliation to the Fitz. And if I was trying to cover it up - oops, I am a bit
late for that too by about 4 or 5 years.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">You and
others at the FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology have also not
provided me comments from reviewers / experts (together with their names and
e-mail accounts) on reports which are published at <a href="https://osf.io/5pnk7/"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://osf.io/5pnk7/</span></a> .... </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">I have
therefore concluded that there are 0 (zero, nul, nada, niente) experts /
reviewers at the FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology who have been
able to refute / rebut any of the findings of the reports which have been
published at <a href="https://osf.io/5pnk7/"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://osf.io/5pnk7/</span></a> ....</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">I have thus
also concluded that these allegations against Alan Lee are founded and that I
am allowed to make public statements that your subordinate Alan Lee is
currently involved in covering up a clear case of scientific misconduct. This
all implies that the Editor-in-Chief of the scientific journal Ostrich is
embroiled in covering up a clear case of scientific misconduct. It goes without
saying that such an acting by your subordinate Alan Lee is disasterous for the
good name of Ostrich.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">I recall
that you and others the FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology and Alan
Lee and others (etc.) have not responded on the >1,000,000,000,000,000,000
times repeated requests to provide me and Richard Porter and all co-autors of
Porter et al. (2015 a&b), see<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09397140.2015.1023424"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09397140.2015.1023424</span></a>
and <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09397140.2015.1023426"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09397140.2015.1023426</span></a>
, full and unlimited access to the full set of raw research data of Al-Sheikhly
et al. (2013).</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">This acting
by you and by others at the FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology and by
Alan Lee on this formal request implies that I am correct by stating that
publisher Taylor & Francis has ordered you that it is not allowed to
communicate with me about this request.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">WWHAAAT!?
Do I even need to get into the lunacy? Apparently, VD is someone who believes
the end justifies the means. This is a clear case of malicious slander. Ostrich
is co-published by TnF - but I actually had permission from them to publish the
VD letter should I wish. I do not wish - it would be giving into bullying. VD
is quick to wave a copy of the COPE publishing code of conduct at everyone, but
does not seem to abide by it himself (in fact appears complicit in attacking it
when it suits him <a href="https://forbetterscience.com/2017/03/29/cope-the-publishers-trojan-horse-calls-to-abolish-retractions"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://forbetterscience.com/2017/03/29/cope-the-publishers-trojan-horse-calls-to-abolish-retractions</span></a>/).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Unfortunately
for me, the email to Peter Ryan has not get me fired by BirdLife South Africa.
Apparently according to Mark Anderson, I am doing a great job. I wish I could
get fired. Then I could get back to life in the mountains. Anyone want the
editor position? You only have to deal with VD type issues about once a year.
No takers? Damn. When Peter Ryan did not give into VD demands (to have me
fired), VD laid a complaint of misconduct against him with the university: to
waste the time of our highly ranked scientists in this way is inexcusable,
frivolous behaviour. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">By the way,
to keep this all digestible, I have left out an entire page of demands that
cannot be met, by me or anyone, such as 5 reviews and reviewer details of the
information on his wiki page. I am sure VD will publish that email soon enough,
bore yourself on his research page in the meantime. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">And of
course, anyone associated with Ostrich is now taking bullets from VD. Here an extract of an email to the director of NISC: <i>.....the
Managing Director of NISC, agrees with us that this full set of raw research
data does not exist. You have unilaterally decided not to communicate with me
about this crucial topic. I am therefore forced to communicate with you about
this topic through the concept of 'tacit approval within a fixed period of
time'. To put it in other words, you formally agree with us that this full set
of raw research data of Al-Sheikhly et al. (2013) does not exist when there is
no response within 24 hours from now. OK?</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk10065877;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">From this I further must infer that all
supposed statements of support for his cause are coerced, taken out of context,
or simply people who no longer wanted to respond to his impossible emails.</span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> VD is also a lone agent: when I contacted Richard Porter (who originally
pointed out the unlikely data presented in the Al-Sheikhly paper), he wanted
nothing to do with VD.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">VD also
embarked on a mission to coerce statements from members of BirdLife South
Africa, copying in most staff for whom he could get an email address. By this
stage, we had received legal council to not respond to any emails. VD then
subsequently published on his Researchgate site a statement saying that
BirdLife South Africa agreed with his position, which is a lie, because no such
position exists. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">So, if you
arrived here as an editor doing background research on Klaas van Dijk - my
commiserations, you are in for a tough ride. My stance - say NO to cyber
bullying, use the correct procedure for requesting a retraction, and make
better use of your time by not engaging with people like VD.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-85765027879582346022019-09-03T02:24:00.001+02:002019-09-03T02:24:16.792+02:00atlasing or atlassing?<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Atlasing or Atlassing?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The other day I’m wearing my binoculars and tapping into my
smartphone. Charlie asks “Daddy, are you atlaBing?”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ah cute; but readers of German may be aware that there is
character in their alphabet that looks like a B (eszett or scharfes S) but is
pronounced as an ‘ss’ and is often written that way in modern texts. Clearly my
anglo-germanic progeny was asking me “… are you atlassing?”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Recently, the verb form of contributing to the atlas has
been the cause for some consternation. Ernst Retief, SABAP2 coordinator, recently
sent out an email to the SABAP2 steering committee:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>I need some clarity. We have always, since 2007, used
atlasing, with one “s”, and not atlassing, with two. Can you please let me know
what we should use and maybe why?</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Peter Ryan deferred the question to Eve Gracie, editor of
African BirdLife magazine, who responded:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>In SA most formal writing still follows so-called
standard English and the OED style, which is to forgo the double ‘s’ in words
like busing, focusing and atlasing etc. The double ss is more American English
in style.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Now I’m of the opinion that our ex-colonial overlords don’t
really need to have a say in the matter: they’re not exactly setting a great
example to the world at the moment, and according to Microsoft Office, South
Africa now has a chance to define its own vocabulary (I presume, since I can
select ‘English (South Africa)’ from the list of available language options).
Currently writing in Microsoft Word, under all versions (UK, United States,
South Africa), both atlasing and atlassing bring up the red underline for unrecognized
words. This means in effect we have the chance to define how we wish to spell
the word, right here, right now. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I have for my most recent writing been using ‘atlassing’.
This was after Google researching ‘atlasing’ provided a definition related to
the computer graphics industry, and then learning from Google Scholar that ‘atlasing’
is used in the realm of computational medicinal sciences. On the other hand, ‘atlassing’
brings up SABAP2 as the second and 3<sup>rd</sup> links, with Birdlasser (note
the double s) in 4<sup>th</sup> place in a standard Google search. The results
from a Google Scholar search on ‘atlassing’ return all results related to
citizen science activities. Certainly, the web of knowledge seems to think we
are atlassing rather than atlasing when it comes to watching birds. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNz9ADhIHk48envEle_wIsfEPUuULewGirQSe3HJ3cllPdFWBRRO551m66-5lAgqMdoDIuHIEsFyDWyAD0G_Ej7NnhKPdAmTpWGR9i26qy8UR34Bkm4GzAMG6PA1Jp9c5aOwRhxn2-CCXh/s1600/atlassing+atlasing.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="722" data-original-width="1600" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNz9ADhIHk48envEle_wIsfEPUuULewGirQSe3HJ3cllPdFWBRRO551m66-5lAgqMdoDIuHIEsFyDWyAD0G_Ej7NnhKPdAmTpWGR9i26qy8UR34Bkm4GzAMG6PA1Jp9c5aOwRhxn2-CCXh/s640/atlassing+atlasing.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But what about precedence? Well, since ornithology is a
realm of biology, where first name should be adhered to, can SABAP2 claim that
we should be using ‘atlasing’? Unfortunately, also not: James Harrison, first
author of “The Atlas of Southern African Birds” based that book on ‘atlassing’
which can be traced back to publications from the 80s:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Harrison, J. A. "Atlassing as a tool in
conservation, with special reference to the Southern African Bird Atlas
Project." </span><i style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">Biotic diversity in southern
Africa: concepts and conservation</i><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"> (1989): 157-169.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As a family, we often have a range of cereals on the
breakfast table, which occasionally feature ProNutro or FutureLife. Recently,
Charlie asked “Why is FutureLife called FutureLife?”: a fair question since the
boxes contain neither future nor life in their lists of ingredients. I had to
explain that this was ‘marketing’: inventing names from positive sounding words
to make us buy stuff that should better be described as “assortment of ground
up cereal crops”. Contributing to the atlas project is a positive thing, and so
is singing: so Atlassing is a ProNutro/FutureLife activity so to speak, and certainly my
choice going forward. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-67258328326605807092019-07-30T14:06:00.002+02:002019-07-30T14:11:20.529+02:00Penguins, snakes and super-heroes<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">My children
are super-heroes, is my conclusion after this latest weekend away to Nature’s
Valley. First off, they WANTED to go camping, and they WANTED to see penguins.
More impressively, they WANTED to go hiking through the forest. And not just
any hike: Eli and Charlie had already impressed me last year when they energetically
completed the Kalanderkloof forest-fynbos hike. This time, our mission was the
Salt River estuary VIA Kalanderkloof and back through Nature’s Valley village. According
to the trail map, that is something like 9km. If you’re going ‘meh’ at that
distance, a reminder at this time to put this in context: Eli is 8 years old;
and Charlie is tail end of 5.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Along the
way we had to tackle the never-ending stairway; try and find the Leopard (or
other predator) that the Vervet Monkeys could clearly see, voicing out there
alarm calls from the safety of the trees; dodge the waves of the high tide
along the cliffs of the bay; navigate fallen rocks and trees; an avenue of
bumble-bees; and broken glass at a roadside picnic table. Of course, no problem
for a family that had stood side by side to fight off the delinquent baboon
that had casually walked right up to our campsite lunch table the day before,
while we were sitting there, to try and steal our sandwiches. By the look of
shock on the baboons face, he’d never seen such a united show of rage and
defiance from mini-humans before. Camp chairs hurled like Thor’s hammer ensured
we never saw that bothersome primate again, although screams from other campers
suggested that we’d merely been a mild setback in that particular super-villain’s
anarchic quest for carbohydrates. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Our journey
had commenced the previous day, spurred by Charlie’s disappointment from our
previous trip to Cape Agulhas. I’d tried to impress upon him the significance
of our journey to the southernmost tip of Africa: that beyond this point lay
only seas until the Antarctic ice with its penguins. The indignation of not seeing
penguins is all the lad appeared to remember from that particular pilgrimage.
As such, a public release of rescued penguins organized by Tenikwa and Nature’s
Valley Trust ‘down-the-road’ at Plettenberg bay seemed like the perfect remedy
for remaking happy feet. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The beach
event was being coordinated by real-life super hero Dr Mark Brown, who has wielded
his powers for good through Nature’s Valley Trust conservation, research and
public outreach initiatives. His super powers include vision, confidence, charisma,
and energy; key ingredients for great leadership; and the planet is lucky to
have him on her side. Certainly, the power to positively engage with people
that inspires a legion of volunteers must be acknowledged to be one of the
greatest super powers there is. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiS8lCQLG-AjdKQkO8fztjyprY7mOLNvk5YL4ihemziklwFX74AjRL3HIfNETQ0lmX0RpGySytKJxzi-9NW6xUsRHO5beFPtwnZz5bYgNv3aoEJJ-_B2Or4wYfLUUSEvyIqnYus06MF4sf/s1600/Blog+Super+Heros_00001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="488" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiS8lCQLG-AjdKQkO8fztjyprY7mOLNvk5YL4ihemziklwFX74AjRL3HIfNETQ0lmX0RpGySytKJxzi-9NW6xUsRHO5beFPtwnZz5bYgNv3aoEJJ-_B2Or4wYfLUUSEvyIqnYus06MF4sf/s1600/Blog+Super+Heros_00001.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Real Life Super Heros</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">It was a
perfect day for the beach: warm and sunny, with winter perhaps hiding from the onslaught
of climate change. After watching the newly cleaned mini-flock of African Penguins
waddle down to the sea and into the waves of freedom to the soundtrack of a
symphony of hope, it was time to continue our own more modest quest. But a warm
and sunny day? Sounds like good weather for snakes… and as it was our path
would lead us past the Lawnwood Snake Sanctuary, a garden-route tourist
destination I’d never explored before. Of course, snakes tend to be associated
with villains in stories of super heros…</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">At Lawnwood
we were greeted warmly by owner Michael Caithness, who introduced us to his
crocodiles, before setting us off on our guided tour with Wilmore. I’m generally
fairly critical of animal collections that may be personal zoos, but
collections that help to educate are worthwhile, especially for that class of maligned
creatures, the snakes. It would have been difficult to gauge the efficacy of
the tour should it have been for my children alone, who were quick to accept
offers to kiss and handle the snakes given their wilderness background.
However, a couple with their daughter from Germany were a perfect example of
how effective this tour is at getting people familiar and comfortable with
snakes. The mother had never even seen a snake before, and the daughter was
also extremely skeptical during the initial encounter with a Brown House snake.
However, by the end, Wilmore’s enthusiasm had won her over and she was quite
happy to have a Red-tailed Boa wrapped around her shoulders. A successful conversion
to the cause of snakes, and kudos to the efforts of the Lawnwood Snake
Sanctuary. I have to say I’m envious that Michael and his wife Emily are able
to make a living from their passion; your friendly neighbourhood Snakeman and
SnakeWoman. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Well, that
wraps up our most recent whirlwind one night stay in Nature’s Valley: but more
to come in the upcoming bird atlassing tour of South Africa, from south to
north. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCJzemHPPeA5iTix3TVDanm6V77InBClmv2TV4UzmDwzWP-oHYrq6RstZpgKo3yBQhyphenhyphenFjCqoxdZ1tHZPpxcnO7P83Zn7WAERSscAx4gQbk_5ajgyNl30wbM3q5LNQhs483jI_hYZq3qaoX/s1600/Blog+Penguin+Love_00001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCJzemHPPeA5iTix3TVDanm6V77InBClmv2TV4UzmDwzWP-oHYrq6RstZpgKo3yBQhyphenhyphenFjCqoxdZ1tHZPpxcnO7P83Zn7WAERSscAx4gQbk_5ajgyNl30wbM3q5LNQhs483jI_hYZq3qaoX/s1600/Blog+Penguin+Love_00001.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Love African Penguins!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil3On2coOnIrrtMyye288wQ_QWfzGfw9UhHqjGo8e8rvhF-t34xTMT4LabHmlpN4K0UTKsWrEjlVKIyW347vrlH4h5DMloCkLkw1U6deARLKqjheuRZ4pTLeafiZNwb507Zq9cA1D8KGRT/s1600/Blog+Penguin+Love_00002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="418" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil3On2coOnIrrtMyye288wQ_QWfzGfw9UhHqjGo8e8rvhF-t34xTMT4LabHmlpN4K0UTKsWrEjlVKIyW347vrlH4h5DMloCkLkw1U6deARLKqjheuRZ4pTLeafiZNwb507Zq9cA1D8KGRT/s1600/Blog+Penguin+Love_00002.jpg" /></a></div>
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</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7PWeyeemB7WPDCkJ7QXuSETEYxUTZjlLm1B6X1NjPsQrnhRPfcfkXWG6p3oqG841_1Iki9j8Fy6IBlQSD8060fw4gPSRZt1EbW0C8A_bQk7LiPJCAD8Wzd577IBfhjV_oDqPQRTZ5TtVX/s1600/Blog+Penguin+Love_00004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="394" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7PWeyeemB7WPDCkJ7QXuSETEYxUTZjlLm1B6X1NjPsQrnhRPfcfkXWG6p3oqG841_1Iki9j8Fy6IBlQSD8060fw4gPSRZt1EbW0C8A_bQk7LiPJCAD8Wzd577IBfhjV_oDqPQRTZ5TtVX/s1600/Blog+Penguin+Love_00004.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX4_P5v-l66Ogck-18YWcJsTNqUX4M0CZRgxfL-WRDbQ807wQQqQ3kTIdhjQhnX-So8A9725tzfRK1Y8SASR4wJ8hr6wUwj53T3z2dQepaMq-fOFGc4n1rRX1zauuXBpzITiuiwHmt2CuC/s1600/Blog+Penguin+Love_00005.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="380" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX4_P5v-l66Ogck-18YWcJsTNqUX4M0CZRgxfL-WRDbQ807wQQqQ3kTIdhjQhnX-So8A9725tzfRK1Y8SASR4wJ8hr6wUwj53T3z2dQepaMq-fOFGc4n1rRX1zauuXBpzITiuiwHmt2CuC/s1600/Blog+Penguin+Love_00005.jpg" /> </a></div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtrXqOSdBOQx1pTW85J4NZbI3sjNy9Mk0lMXp_PXPgRs_EKKTsamrfnIzMwoIQW3uc1jLHwk7OPs8p2ijnMbWwH8Q8wDi8ZjHvCw3pjySXXMlXZwOKn_bgBOXFvcCOJ002ZSVx6p8JV3m5/s1600/Blog+Snake+Love_00002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtrXqOSdBOQx1pTW85J4NZbI3sjNy9Mk0lMXp_PXPgRs_EKKTsamrfnIzMwoIQW3uc1jLHwk7OPs8p2ijnMbWwH8Q8wDi8ZjHvCw3pjySXXMlXZwOKn_bgBOXFvcCOJ002ZSVx6p8JV3m5/s1600/Blog+Snake+Love_00002.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Puffadder smiling for the camera</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCKkrO_ta2teZO_T4-a5rPTQzVJH4IqqMxfNa_ByAR4cx2znXxFEr7Ql_4qhK1PuAWxXqeG6JvHDFhYcMtavCgcNQlDOcS785TfhWbQfuRr7mak6Mab-FXbVDdudaEd6Hp_T9F_qpeMXkp/s1600/Blog+Snake+Love_00003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCKkrO_ta2teZO_T4-a5rPTQzVJH4IqqMxfNa_ByAR4cx2znXxFEr7Ql_4qhK1PuAWxXqeG6JvHDFhYcMtavCgcNQlDOcS785TfhWbQfuRr7mak6Mab-FXbVDdudaEd6Hp_T9F_qpeMXkp/s1600/Blog+Snake+Love_00003.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rock Monitor Lizard with lunch</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix6n5fcEznjmrisWfhAQGWSfHx5RIZkk9QeYT9uljsMmiIcfJyZUlbOUUsSilOcJfGBEQN_xhfhUIbXGRSU3krb83s3fyDlvtASYqfEaL1zcsmSyXF0xRyFvYQ704eK4Y8IVWdtplqrlZb/s1600/Blog+Snake+Love_00004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix6n5fcEznjmrisWfhAQGWSfHx5RIZkk9QeYT9uljsMmiIcfJyZUlbOUUsSilOcJfGBEQN_xhfhUIbXGRSU3krb83s3fyDlvtASYqfEaL1zcsmSyXF0xRyFvYQ704eK4Y8IVWdtplqrlZb/s1600/Blog+Snake+Love_00004.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Corn Snakes are popular in the pet trade (not South African)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvt1xgykC6A05r7yHLrjw9mWvoeF_lFIvyWMMGtn9PviIsLOVhp0JGRHjtODRvTzIacajclQX1PqRNxdGN94I-jKCs19Cawi8thyxQYUZsQY-hIOvsdEdZVz_5Ky279om5K85dn1OR1ZLN/s1600/Blog+Snake+Love_00001_02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvt1xgykC6A05r7yHLrjw9mWvoeF_lFIvyWMMGtn9PviIsLOVhp0JGRHjtODRvTzIacajclQX1PqRNxdGN94I-jKCs19Cawi8thyxQYUZsQY-hIOvsdEdZVz_5Ky279om5K85dn1OR1ZLN/s1600/Blog+Snake+Love_00001_02.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The girl reeling in disgust at the sight of Charlie kissing the snake would herself be holding a snake at the end of the tour</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7sC3VRFIFickiB-SxRMEgdPt9lBWrKjawfYYWBFsDdmGUesLxvHRk8zZsbm0VImcGbzbNriZta3xtm0uBo5AGIDZmYSp94hgH25xmQRTc5dB5hLTPo78ouV1M7B8D2tRbfd_LJgq_K741/s1600/Blog+Snake+Love.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7sC3VRFIFickiB-SxRMEgdPt9lBWrKjawfYYWBFsDdmGUesLxvHRk8zZsbm0VImcGbzbNriZta3xtm0uBo5AGIDZmYSp94hgH25xmQRTc5dB5hLTPo78ouV1M7B8D2tRbfd_LJgq_K741/s400/Blog+Snake+Love.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wilmore was patient, knowledgeable, and great with the children</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMTQJF8faTs_epQhjUbMqVoThvArWCq9KMt4mQ1r12twuTY-crFdqs3WCWW_iySId2gE9I37fijH_Gp-EmVc0wACvwsvAMjq9vPqaAkPyNbMeqfO_yCOerqzog3T9qmjChGq4UZbgu7zd4/s1600/Blog+The+Hike_00001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMTQJF8faTs_epQhjUbMqVoThvArWCq9KMt4mQ1r12twuTY-crFdqs3WCWW_iySId2gE9I37fijH_Gp-EmVc0wACvwsvAMjq9vPqaAkPyNbMeqfO_yCOerqzog3T9qmjChGq4UZbgu7zd4/s1600/Blog+The+Hike_00001.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"What are we doing here kids?"</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha1r9n4B_YIvvbLFDsgEh5NO9KV6VIpu24cuzdENWHneJQwCiAjtgXGtyvD1ynUf35LaxrvgW-C9Yb4rWR-6mDJIa4UeqoHi_TWRomsZvnzGVyBcN38fmXnC449IukBowqDEHg0J7tURHT/s1600/Blog+The+Hike_00002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="409" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha1r9n4B_YIvvbLFDsgEh5NO9KV6VIpu24cuzdENWHneJQwCiAjtgXGtyvD1ynUf35LaxrvgW-C9Yb4rWR-6mDJIa4UeqoHi_TWRomsZvnzGVyBcN38fmXnC449IukBowqDEHg0J7tURHT/s1600/Blog+The+Hike_00002.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyOyoh6ji95xfkMoIFFGaEt1U5XapahoBL4zZf3_w-IC9Oy-UH1mqCMJpdQSs8Lcm0yWnWh7BpL5QsyQBaBK-jMiiv9J0uvfNbE3YJR2TGB5pl7VLPHO0lDWM2jtDe0d-FcTQzOaFnU9cs/s1600/Blog+The+Hike_00003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyOyoh6ji95xfkMoIFFGaEt1U5XapahoBL4zZf3_w-IC9Oy-UH1mqCMJpdQSs8Lcm0yWnWh7BpL5QsyQBaBK-jMiiv9J0uvfNbE3YJR2TGB5pl7VLPHO0lDWM2jtDe0d-FcTQzOaFnU9cs/s1600/Blog+The+Hike_00003.jpg" /></a></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijrkMAGOx7r4vPszhsWNAcYuxds1riu2BdwDWKN91sNSf0_vC4NdlinkLFxjY4frLhuXVLfyCkjCKxeAIMTn_acggJqIDfjTcJcnF2QB_M-H5hopzU7wsS-10lhCtVT3RiGSSjaA5fFZ3H/s1600/Blog+The+Hike_00004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijrkMAGOx7r4vPszhsWNAcYuxds1riu2BdwDWKN91sNSf0_vC4NdlinkLFxjY4frLhuXVLfyCkjCKxeAIMTn_acggJqIDfjTcJcnF2QB_M-H5hopzU7wsS-10lhCtVT3RiGSSjaA5fFZ3H/s1600/Blog+The+Hike_00004.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Charlie points out the soundtrack bird for the Fynbos hike: Victorin's Warbler</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGJjYkNrgdb4rxhggIc6waoajrYaV2h9KsTi0O0ZmC_xmUC-wRI7cmmjUKogzNYhYcxLkTXph_GtNiggHNqm6ZTZbSqvjuRBmWaMKOidP8pWKPLhO5QgfXgVdF0SizWWDToZG_rMMQ7IQp/s1600/Blog+The+Hike_00005.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGJjYkNrgdb4rxhggIc6waoajrYaV2h9KsTi0O0ZmC_xmUC-wRI7cmmjUKogzNYhYcxLkTXph_GtNiggHNqm6ZTZbSqvjuRBmWaMKOidP8pWKPLhO5QgfXgVdF0SizWWDToZG_rMMQ7IQp/s1600/Blog+The+Hike_00005.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">We neither heard nor saw Orange-breasted Sunbird, despite the flowering Ericas and Proteas</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQIaLBFj5ADleqgmuO1isl0SSNfeMPprivk5rlluked_tXcPV43Z9nJmW7GVCsW8Geav1RNPpMFCp29aetXA6OwS4_ug1SRMl-hzjibHvHlMMmg9IZNFVbj53IFCnjEoSjOwC6UYvPehzE/s1600/Blog+The+Hike_00006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQIaLBFj5ADleqgmuO1isl0SSNfeMPprivk5rlluked_tXcPV43Z9nJmW7GVCsW8Geav1RNPpMFCp29aetXA6OwS4_ug1SRMl-hzjibHvHlMMmg9IZNFVbj53IFCnjEoSjOwC6UYvPehzE/s1600/Blog+The+Hike_00006.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sand River estuary is truly beautiful</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-51389215258292097262019-07-30T12:05:00.001+02:002019-07-30T12:05:32.485+02:00Winter camping in Bontebok National Park<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]-->Winter in Lang Elsie’s Kraal campsite is beautiful, with
aloes of various species in flower all over the place. The nearby Breede River
was flowing strongly, with good winter rains so far. The canola and wheat
fields surrounding this last remaining patch of Renosterveld were lurid green
and brilliant yellow. Despite a few passing showers, the weather was sunny and
pleasant. If well prepared with a warm hot water bottle that can easily be
filled at the camp’s Kwikhot water dispenser, winter camping is nothing to
fear: you’ll get a quiet campsite, and another highlight was we saw only two
mosquitos during our 3-night stay.<br />
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Bird life was abundant and the resident birds were
ridiculously tame. Flocks of weavers gathered in the acacias around the camp in
the morning to take a break from raiding aloes inflorescences. A pair of Cape
Robin Chats were frequently underfoot. European Starling’s did a great job of
imitating Barn Owls, but like the camp birds, you soon stop getting excited by
them. I put down a Klaas’s Cuckoo call to their imitations, not expecting one
to be around or calling in the middle of winter, until actually spotting this
glittering gem of a bird. </div>
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After our lengthy drive from Blue Hill Nature Reserve on the
other side of Uniondale, always longer than the Google Maps estimated drive
time with children of 8 and 5 in the back seat, we got an ideal camp spot, the
surrounding trees would provide a great wind break from the occasional driving
westerly winds. We packed our first full day to the max. After rains during the
night kept me up mostly out of concern for getting soaked in our canvas tent,
we woke up relatively late at 7:30. Good news is the tent is 99% water proof:
but that means 1 drop in a hundred did makes it way through, which turns out to
be a sufficiently annoying amount. Our day started with a walk around the Aloe
Trail, at Charlie’s request. Highlights for the children included the small
wooden bridge over the first gulley, the many flowering Oxalis, the story of
Lang Elsie on the board near the historic kraal site, and the walk along the
river-side forest trail through the tunnel of trees, one of which had a patch
of army worms resting on the trunk. </div>
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The mission of the day would be to get Charlie to Cape
Agulhas and the southern-most tip of Africa, about an hour and half drive
south. Since I had never been to De Mond Nature Reserve, we decided to pull in
there over lunch time to see the legendary flocks of terns. The river mouth is
quite a long walk from the car park (1.5 km or more), and I didn’t log any
terns while I was there, although Kelp Gulls harassing a Fish Eagle certainly
was a memorable event, as Greater Flamingos erupted in panic from the combat in
the sky. </div>
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The drive through the agricultural lands at this time of
year are an ornithological feast, filled with large and easy to spot birds like
Sacred Ibis, Spur-winged Goose, Helmeted Guineafowl and Blue Crane. By
comparison, Charlie and Eli were mostly disappointed with Cape Agulhas, mostly
my fault because I’d told them that beyond that was Antarctica, land of ice and
penguins. Charlie was not impressed by the lack of penguins, and our limited
time slot of 5 minutes to play on the stony beach. I have to say that the map
of Africa close to the iconic beacon is really amazing: well done to whoever
did that. </div>
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Then it was the jaunt back through Bredasdorp and back to
the campsite by 5pm: a full day out, with just enough daylight left to prepare
dinner and have a warm shower, before turning in early to catch up sleep lost
the previous night, under the watchful eye of the camp’s resident genet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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With so much still to do, we decided to book a 3<sup>rd</sup>
nights stay, giving us another full day in the area. We started that off with a
relaxing drive around the long loop, where the low renosterveld and fynbos
allows for very easy wildlife spotting. Bontebok had already been ticked off at
the campsite, but Red Hartebeest, Mountain Zebra, Reedbuck, Grey Rhebok
followed in quick succession with bonus points for a pair of Secretarybirds:
South Africa’s current bird of the year. Beautiful fields of <i>Ericas</i>
formed an amazing foreground against the dark slopes of the Langeberg Mountains
and Marloth Nature Reserve, and it was here we would spend our afternoon. As
the northern section of the pentad (bird atlassing area) includes the lower
slopes of these mountains, I was keen to head there to pick up Fynbos birds
missing from Bontebok NP. </div>
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With a gale force westerly wind having picked up over the
morning, we chose to do the relatively short but steep hike up to the
Duiwelsbos waterfall. The picnic spot at the base of this trail was an ideal
lunch stop, nestled among tall <i>Protea aurea</i>, with hyperactive Cape
Sugarbirds on their non-stop sugar rush providing visual and aural
entertainment. Setting off up the gulley, the Afromontane forest shielded us
beautifully from the wind. Arum Lilies sheltered along the banks of the stream.
Signing out after the walk we were almost blown away, and although expecting
our campsite to be a disaster zone, found the magic of Lang Elsie had protected
our tent while we were away.</div>
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Of course, a highlight of any camping trip are children of
the other campers. Charlie and Eli connected quickly with a trio from Belgium
for the remainder of the afternoon, having great fun with stick insects and
spiders along the river edge, a shared joy of nature overcoming the lack of a
shared language. After early braai boerewors rolls, we explored local sections
of the nearby trails by torchlight, finding a Fiery-necked Nightjar and
countless spiders, but sadly, no Caracal. Certainly, one of the reasons this is
a fantastic child friendly park is the lack of dangerous animals and easy to
access walking trails: long game drives with too much energy in the back seat
are never fun.</div>
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A third full day could easily have been filled with a trip
to De Hoop Nature Reserve, but alas, the school bell was warming up in
Uniondale getting ready to summon all for the next school term.</div>
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<u>Details</u></div>
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We booked 2 nights online via the <a href="https://www.sanparks.org/" target="_blank">sanparks </a>website, and our third night at the
reception, which costs a bit more than booking online. </div>
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The camping ablution block is modern, clean, and well kept.
There are 3 double-hot plates in the kitchen, a microwave, and my all-time
favourite appliance – the Instant Hot Water dispenser. The log cabins face west
towards the Breede River, and are smartly done. The access roads are in good
condition, as are the trails. It was sad that two of the trails were closed:
but I’m not sure we could have fitted them in time-wise. Overall, an easy,
affordable and pleasant experience. </div>
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Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-66818008434221145472019-07-08T23:55:00.000+02:002019-07-10T05:56:06.686+02:00Karoo Birds: Conservation and Ecology<br />
<br />
<span class="ember-view" id="ember1550"><b>Karoo Birds: Ecology and Conservation,</b> the booklet compiled by Dale Wright, Stefan Theron and myself is now free to download in English or Afrikaans from the BirdLife South Africa website. </span><br />
<br />
<span class="ember-view" id="ember1550">English: </span><br />
<span class="ember-view" id="ember1550"><a href="http://www.birdlife.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Birds-of-the-Karoo-Ecology-and-Conservation.pdf">http://www.birdlife.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Birds-of-the-Karoo-Ecology-and-Conservation.pdf</a> </span><br />
<br />
<span class="ember-view" id="ember1550">Afrikaans: </span><br />
<a href="http://www.birdlife.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Voels-van-die-Karoo-Ekologie-en-bewaring.pdf"><span class="ember-view" id="ember1550">http://www.birdlife.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Voels-van-die-Karoo-Ekologie-en-bewaring.pdf</span></a><br />
<br />
<span class="ember-view" id="ember1550">The booklet is the culmination of 2 years work in an amazing biome, full of great birds and people, funded by a donation by Gaynor Rupert to BirdLife South Africa and run in conjunction with SANBI's Karoo BioGaps project. While there are also several <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306525.2016.1219413" target="_blank">research articles out already</a> from the survey, one key deliverable was to create a simple bird guide for the landowners of the Karoo, distilling information from <a href="http://www.bluehillescape.co.za/reports/Karoo_Birds_Survey_final_Report_Jan_2019.pdf" target="_blank">the mammoth report that concluded the project</a>, as well as a further document on conservation concerns for the biome. </span><br />
<span class="ember-view"><br /></span>
<span class="ember-view">It is our hope the book will inspire interest in birds and their conservation among landowners in the Karoo.</span><br />
<span class="ember-view" id="ember1550"><br /></span>
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<span class="ember-view" id="ember1550"><br /></span>Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-4126498682535173522019-07-08T23:26:00.002+02:002019-07-08T23:26:42.765+02:00Finding Riverine Rabbits<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The
Riverine Rabbit has always had a mystical status for me growing up in South
Africa: I remember it occasionally appearing in WESSA or EWT magazines,
described as this species that was so rare it could soon be extinct. Fast
forward 30 years or so, and I’m living on the Blue Hill Nature Reserve on the
western edge of the Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve. I’m very used to hares here
(although until now still struggle to tell a smaller Cape from the larger Scrub
in the field), and have also encountered many Red Rock Rabbits, with their
distinctive red tails: in fact I was tracked down to have a photo of one of
these included in a field guide of Mammals of Tanzania because at the time
photos of this species were so rare! But no Riverine Rabbit, that I could be sure
of, and they were not on my radar: one night after driving home from Willowmore
after seeing what I thought could be one, I saw from their range map that they
were not thought to occur anywhere near my part of the world. I shelved my
expectations of spotting one. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">More
recently, with two years of a contract for BirdLife South Africa across the
Karoo just completed, Riverine Rabbit were back in my mind. During this time,
I’d co-incidentally crossed paths with Bonnie Schumann, lead field agent for
the Endangered Wildlife Trusts’ arid zones program at a farmers’ meeting near
Victoria West. She stuck me as a person ‘in the know’ and I’d make efforts to
look her up again whenever possible as I criss-crossed the Karoo. Now,
theoretically in the range of the species, I was becoming a lot more aware of
what to look for. Part of this was having Eric Herrmann as a field assistant
for a while, who had participated in Riverine Rabbit monitoring. However, each
rabbit/hare photo I managed always resulted in the same shaking of the head. Co-incidently,
my other field assistant was Campbell Fleming, and his girlfriend (Zoe
Woodgate) is doing a PhD on Riverine Rabbit, on the previously most recently
discovered population around Touwsrivier/Sanbona Game Reserve. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">So it was,
on the eve of my wife’s birthday on 20 December 2018, the family were heading
to Baviaanskloof for a camping weekend away. We were approaching the Acacia
karoo dominated drainage line close to where I’d thought I’d seen the rabbit a
few years earlier on my way back from Willowmore. A dead rabbit or hare lay in
the road, and I slowed down to take a look. I couldn’t believe my eyes: there
on the road was a rabbit with a brown tail and distinct black ‘moustache’. I
was sure as I could be this was a Riverine Rabbit. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6k752tJKCRWwSFWj6I5eu9xQUSJuc5-ig8a_IIHR_kOD_ZJFgEpGzhSTwuDJ_2tooBlTiartoPCTZCfI1Dat4UbLFNM3jdyYOqb9GGfH9k_5etMCVpcYYeEEeg7agPbiROo5PPyn0FVo0/s1600/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1125" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6k752tJKCRWwSFWj6I5eu9xQUSJuc5-ig8a_IIHR_kOD_ZJFgEpGzhSTwuDJ_2tooBlTiartoPCTZCfI1Dat4UbLFNM3jdyYOqb9GGfH9k_5etMCVpcYYeEEeg7agPbiROo5PPyn0FVo0/s400/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00001.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Distinctive 'moustache'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1Hnm5wtLEI41C96O2qRzTpKtKemdQueFlZTYsrjJxA829OwkQZjZ-w5Xt5ENZekxHc2ui-Kjx0WwOvoSz-ZfvH9pD19UYW1wS-0Z_5u9zJI5TwImbRFZWliAXu1EZb2EKqCuK0mzhE0uM/s1600/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1125" data-original-width="1500" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1Hnm5wtLEI41C96O2qRzTpKtKemdQueFlZTYsrjJxA829OwkQZjZ-w5Xt5ENZekxHc2ui-Kjx0WwOvoSz-ZfvH9pD19UYW1wS-0Z_5u9zJI5TwImbRFZWliAXu1EZb2EKqCuK0mzhE0uM/s400/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00002.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Especially fluffy feet</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQyg4oRdPFii9Q6jN1vzApx4DrXxfglirzYdlI2UGRlU7QiwV5k6onyMA2-VVz2zQZdlagw3qf26dkvCW2JOVIQSbDk3m7Rncr8tv2C3DdxjZ-IlczNLgH1v2ecHrwjFvYcgObb2f9vKoc/s1600/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1125" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQyg4oRdPFii9Q6jN1vzApx4DrXxfglirzYdlI2UGRlU7QiwV5k6onyMA2-VVz2zQZdlagw3qf26dkvCW2JOVIQSbDk3m7Rncr8tv2C3DdxjZ-IlczNLgH1v2ecHrwjFvYcgObb2f9vKoc/s400/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00003.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Not very big</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDqJTTq8s_1VwtuuY_CnU74ZeIOC3hJ-aePd_DHuz_cLCQvIgEdHgHu7Gg9hHMRtGNwNlORng-CPkS3raAkHbWaJ6OUlJTr3YzGD1_8pKl5r24rB68QVH7Im2ka9XFyGPxF3HTCeMpUApD/s1600/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1125" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDqJTTq8s_1VwtuuY_CnU74ZeIOC3hJ-aePd_DHuz_cLCQvIgEdHgHu7Gg9hHMRtGNwNlORng-CPkS3raAkHbWaJ6OUlJTr3YzGD1_8pKl5r24rB68QVH7Im2ka9XFyGPxF3HTCeMpUApD/s400/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00004.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Distinctive brown tail</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Now the
quandry: I new that the specimen would be useful to science, but also could see
from the look on my wife’s face ‘There is no way we are taking that with in our
cooler box’. I put the rabbit on the side of the road, hoping it might still be
there on the way back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In the
meantime, I took a photo and sent it to Campbell Fleming via Watsapp for
confirmation: which nearly caused Zoe to drive off the road in excitement.
Unfortunately, the response came to late to act on the reply to collect a specimen:
two days later the bunny was gone. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I posted
the photo on Facebook, the event of course creating quite a stir. I was
contacted by EWT to come and investigate, and Bonnie and Kobus Theron (head of
the Arid Zones program), together with a representative from CapeNature, came
out to visit in March, setting up camera traps on the 2 hunting estates on
either side of the road where the rabbit had been found. It was a great
learning experience: I’d always been under the misconception that the rabbit
was restricted to riverine habitats: but in fact they prefer the
Renosterveld/Karoo interface, with shrubs rather than Acacia dominated drainage
lines. The name is very misleading, except perhaps in the Great Karoo where the
shrubby habitat is more associated with drainage lines. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Then in
April, I was cycling to Uniondale, the opposite direction to where the bunny
had been found, when what should I see lying in the road just 8km from the N9?
Another dead Riverine Rabbit! This location was about 30km from the first site!
Even though I was on my bicycle, I new that I had to collect this one, and
tucked the carcass into my rucksack and cycled on. A week later Bonnie and
Kobus were back to collect the cameras traps, and greatly excited by the bunny
now sitting in my freezer. It had however been promised to Zoe for DNA analysis
for her PhD, as Campbell happened to be visiting. Perhaps unsurprisingly at
this stage, the EWT camera traps showed good occupancy of the area by Riverine
Rabbit: so, it wasn’t some isolated find, <a href="https://endangeredwildlifetrust.wordpress.com/2019/05/31/breaking-news-as-new-riverine-rabbit-population-found-in-baviaanskloof/" target="_blank">but a genuine undiscovered populationof Riverine Rabbit, resulting in a massive range extension for the species.</a> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFRjZk3ZVWRFf4X4KDMJaAH44KXJ4kCzodaY8prg2l-Mv5mafEKiPKUHGk1v5f-mAWMpEHv6-cApmj3MdouQeD1Qfqr0_4IscOFCV4eDq7OpL-ghxIDTNA1JhYR1AvTO4vRmQB2isM-ERp/s1600/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00005.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1125" data-original-width="1500" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFRjZk3ZVWRFf4X4KDMJaAH44KXJ4kCzodaY8prg2l-Mv5mafEKiPKUHGk1v5f-mAWMpEHv6-cApmj3MdouQeD1Qfqr0_4IscOFCV4eDq7OpL-ghxIDTNA1JhYR1AvTO4vRmQB2isM-ERp/s400/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00005.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The second dead bunny: likely killed by a vehicle early the night before</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaRQ0CvacUelsOzD4v5mq-7yJBsrICYlyOcB5LodDvFinNNU6OfJd0oMiQwHqChA6zKZ66ohK4ZU6RBJNBA-tCQqUaUOPsG4Np0voEexJKGMPmQNhPfRvGExX1R_8T6yylckvLhpJz6aOw/s1600/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1125" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaRQ0CvacUelsOzD4v5mq-7yJBsrICYlyOcB5LodDvFinNNU6OfJd0oMiQwHqChA6zKZ66ohK4ZU6RBJNBA-tCQqUaUOPsG4Np0voEexJKGMPmQNhPfRvGExX1R_8T6yylckvLhpJz6aOw/s400/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00006.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The story
does not end there: on the last day of Campbell’s visit I was driving him to
George to catch the bus. Unbelievably, as we were passing the exact spot where
the 2<sup>nd</sup> bunny had been found on the way to Uniondale, what should be
lying on the road? Another rabbit! Apparently, that makes me the lead discover
also now of dead Riverine Rabbits. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Of course,
many questions remain to be answered: is this population connected to the one
at Sanbona? How many Riverine Rabbits are there really? Is the local population
safe (seems like vehicular traffic is a bit of threat, and habitat conversion
certainly is). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXbTyAaWED0M52dYlo_IovIk_dTWzUM6_NsvDryk0DMfu5dYwP-Z67Q62lmeMgwB2_6MAb3-_K5YfpsWU3KT3RxvdIVdwHugSW-EwfarCmjphq-2oi_EXfjKikmFwbCqCh9gkiqAiKaBeS/s1600/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1125" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXbTyAaWED0M52dYlo_IovIk_dTWzUM6_NsvDryk0DMfu5dYwP-Z67Q62lmeMgwB2_6MAb3-_K5YfpsWU3KT3RxvdIVdwHugSW-EwfarCmjphq-2oi_EXfjKikmFwbCqCh9gkiqAiKaBeS/s400/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00007.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Unbelievably, the 3rd rabbit was found at the exact position of the second rabbit, only some weeks later</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0KpAM7hmOdvHQCq_YEiWk9GnhmsW0MADVH2Rh0UKGUjUTFrZJY-9IKVw1psUcGMTyzt8H3g9TvcQ5u9BTUBT7IOyURzbwmlk0KpL1X3AUs9Nc7Jx5UGbVWHtBg41BK28Idrl8tNhacPYo/s1600/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1125" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0KpAM7hmOdvHQCq_YEiWk9GnhmsW0MADVH2Rh0UKGUjUTFrZJY-9IKVw1psUcGMTyzt8H3g9TvcQ5u9BTUBT7IOyURzbwmlk0KpL1X3AUs9Nc7Jx5UGbVWHtBg41BK28Idrl8tNhacPYo/s320/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00008.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaQfXIJRpm8WTXDNiOwsrIJvKQkNqk7iBhXvnVla-_ejdBt9INDq5GsERE3fBBVcTkU07x-KMX5fQSxmp0aHElLyjc85ZLLUzEWc8pg4lhc7ME9UUNp6av5kOHTwZqF-pIZ4a3aku7atNL/s1600/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00010.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1125" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaQfXIJRpm8WTXDNiOwsrIJvKQkNqk7iBhXvnVla-_ejdBt9INDq5GsERE3fBBVcTkU07x-KMX5fQSxmp0aHElLyjc85ZLLUzEWc8pg4lhc7ME9UUNp6av5kOHTwZqF-pIZ4a3aku7atNL/s640/Riverine+rabbit+1500_00010.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-59678831937675537532019-04-25T03:46:00.000+02:002019-04-25T03:46:23.414+02:00SABAP2 Sequence Index explained<!--[if !mso]>
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Sequence Index</div>
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The new SABAP2 website (sabap2.adu.org.za) has introduced some new data formats
and data terms. One of these is the Sequence Index. The sequence index is the
average position that a species normally occurs on a list, and is expressed as
a percentage on the SABAP2 website. Unlike the traditionally used reporting
rate (how often a species occurs on a set of lists, also usually expressed as a
percentage) where a high score is indicative of high abundance (and/or
detection), a high sequence index indicates lower abundance (and/or detection)
i.e. it took a long time to detect a species, indicated by the fact that many
other species were reported before it. Simply put, a rare species should have a
high sequence index and low reporting rate, while common species should have
high reporting rate and low sequence index. This is probably easiest to see for
a migratory species, e.g. Barn Swallow, which is absent in winter. Here the
sequence index (yellow line) goes up over the winter period, while reporting
rate (blue line) goes down, and then up again over summer. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6CRU0YhGPHlPJr-JvD7g13ueZTPGXKugQE3XkoUBs3jIhEpjy26Ua_FQ4qRYBBye15tthpc11tuLhxnt7Cqg7Z4P8HjzlLyPLQX3pWGO27Y8bb7aXEMcfjmDfZVxL4slvQnds1XDkBhs9/s1600/temp.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="112" data-original-width="605" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6CRU0YhGPHlPJr-JvD7g13ueZTPGXKugQE3XkoUBs3jIhEpjy26Ua_FQ4qRYBBye15tthpc11tuLhxnt7Cqg7Z4P8HjzlLyPLQX3pWGO27Y8bb7aXEMcfjmDfZVxL4slvQnds1XDkBhs9/s1600/temp.png" /></a></div>
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We thus say that the sequence index is negatively correlated
to reporting rate. This is more clearly seen if we use a set of species, for
instance 58 of South Africa’s endemic bird species. Calculating mean reporting
rate across a species range, we see that species with high reporting rate have
a low sequence index, while species with low reporting rate have a high
sequence index. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqVI2-OycRjbqUm5EOsZKKth7wIKkzu-_iJKnZZzbThjVkIVjrmBjr9_ZeXGdAJCeKvcQwinRSrd46oB6ErXxJqrAOklNBeSPHEyYEwUDApDI-ZzylBarmNHp9W4wY7om0a5g1oYMwUmf6/s1600/Sequence_index_vs_Reporting_rate.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="535" data-original-width="918" height="372" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqVI2-OycRjbqUm5EOsZKKth7wIKkzu-_iJKnZZzbThjVkIVjrmBjr9_ZeXGdAJCeKvcQwinRSrd46oB6ErXxJqrAOklNBeSPHEyYEwUDApDI-ZzylBarmNHp9W4wY7om0a5g1oYMwUmf6/s640/Sequence_index_vs_Reporting_rate.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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While both indices thus give indications of apparent
abundance (and/or detectability), there is an important distinction in how
these are calculated: reporting rate is calculated based on the number of lists
where a species was present or absent; while sequence index is calculated from
IF a species was detected, what position on the list did the species hold? This
apparently subtle distinction does have implications though: for instance, with
the BirdLasser revolution lists now have fewer species compared to the period
before, for reasons we won’t explore here. This means there is a small, but
significant, probability of NOT reporting a species. This means that reporting
rate can appear lower but in this situation this does not reflect a change in
abundance; it is a change in reporting probability. It appears that the sequence
index on the other hand is robust to this change, given it is calculated
independently of the number of cards submitted. The sequence index is thus an
additional useful tool in the box of information that SABAP2 can deliver. </div>
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Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-520550981979813852.post-20901010705411130042019-03-19T12:05:00.000+02:002019-03-19T13:17:30.818+02:00An atlas hack up Peak Formosa<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Smoke and
ash billowed from the mountain top, while earthquakes shook the small town
below it. Rivers of lava started to flow down the erupting volcano, but that
wasn’t enough to stop Pierce Brosnan driving through them to rescue the family
of the town’s mayor. As you see – our ascent of Peak Formosa had started off on
a slightly strange note, as Anja was unable to sleep and we had decided to
abandon attempts to sleep further at 4:30, turning on the television for some
entertainment, to find Dante’s Peak fittingly relegated to the early hours of
the morning. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Our
preparations for the hike up Tsitsikamma’s highest peak had actually started
several weeks earlier at least. The peak was targeted some time back for our
annual ‘birthday’ ascent after conquering Bloupunt last year. As access to Peak
Formosa is over private land, and we’d struggled to get hold of the owner (Marius
Strijdom) or a response from a guesthouse we’d identified nearby, we’d driven
out to the agri-industrial town of Louterwater to track the people down face to
face. We felt this was a good move, as there is a veritable labyrinth of farm
roads through apple orchards below the peak: it could be super easy to get lost,
even with Google Maps. We also managed to track down a receptionist of the
Louterwater Landgoed guest cottages to confirm a booking. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Our mission
to find Marius Strijdom was less successful: instead we crossed paths with his
son and heir-apparent, Darius. His demeanor was not of the friendly type, and
he requested a R100 per person ‘gate opening’ fee, so if you can get hold of
Marius, so much the better: the ‘free’ access to the peak looks set to change. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">While our
ascent attempt was originally scheduled for 10<sup>th</sup> March, yr.no had
been warning us about poor weather conditions all the previous week, so we delayed
till the following weekend. You don’t want to be tackling a new difficult mountain
ascent and dealing with weather at the same time. So, we did a warm up hike up
the familiar Bloukop on the 10<sup>th</sup> instead. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">As it was,
the day of the ascent was perfect weather: cool temperatures to start, only a
mild breeze, and mostly clear skies. We got to the massive dam, home to just a
few Egyptian Geese and nervous Reed Cormorant, that marks the start of the
trail at around 7:15, with sun just touching the high peaks. While white marks
on burnt trees indicate the trail, this was so overgrown we decided to keep to the
edge of the dam and rejoin the trail where we had learnt it crossed a stream
feeding the dam. That was a bit of effort to find, and the trail at that stage
is still massively overgrown with tall fynbos, which the Cape Sugarbirds think
is fantastic. With the early morning dew, we were soon so wet we may as well
have set off in the rain. On the plus side, at least there is a trail: there
hasn’t been one on the last 2 summits we’ve done. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Once over
the second stream, the ascent begins. The lower slopes are sickeningly covered
in Hakea and Pine. My dad had gifted me a hand-saw for my birthday, inspired by
Donovan Kotze’s talk on the sport of alien hacking given at the Gouritz Cluster
Biosphere Reserve. This proved a useful way of pacing myself with Anja: moving
ahead and sawing down a sapling while waiting for Anja to catch up. I hope that
other hikers will similarly do their duty to preserving the beauty of this fynbos
by similarly tacking some of the invasive vegetation along the trail:
neighbouring slopes have been completely converted to pine forests. That is a
bad thing, because as we all know, grizzly bears live in pine forests: so, save
yourselves and cut down a pine today!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Just after
the pine trees thin out one hits the eastern ridge. From here, while the trail
is steep, but the going is easier as the vegetation lower with the soundtrack
provided by tireless Victorin’s Warblers. There are lots of excuses to stop to soak
in the views, scan for birds, and admire the Erica’s and other fynbos. It took
us 3 hours of admiring the views, hacking pines, recording birds to make it to
the ‘Knife Edge’. The slopes at this section are really steep, but it would be
better described as a ‘Saw Edge’ since the ridgeline is up, down and around
rocks and boulders. Faced with ‘The Gulley’ on the other side, this was all too
much for Anja’s vertigo: time to get out her book and wait for me to hit the
summit. The Gulley is certainly a technical scramble, but after that its
relatively straightforward to the summit, which I reached about an hour after
the Knife Edge. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The logbook
at the top was entertaining reading. Probably the most memorable quote was ‘Please
cut the grass’ from some visitors from Germany. The cross on the top is also home
to a Bible, but its in Afrikaans just in case you were wondering if you should
leave yours behind. While I scouted around for rumoured Cape Rockjumpers for a
while, I had no luck. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The descent
was fairly straight-forward, with the exception of the growing heat. While we’d
taken 2 litres of liquid each up, we were parched by the time we got to the
stream at the base of the peak. Still, the excited White-necked Ravens that had
been circling would have to look for dinner elsewhere that day. The swim in the
dam to end it all was magnificent. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Certainly,
this hike requires a good degree of freedom, and shouldn’t be tackled by anyone,
and its hard to recommend from a birding point of view: 7 hours producing just
25 species. But the views are magnificent, and there is plenty of sport to be
had if you’re into alien vegetation hacking. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">We used this blog as part of preparation, which has a gps track file: <a href="https://muisvoel.com/2017/01/formosa-peak/">https://muisvoel.com/2017/01/formosa-peak/</a> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqPD-q2vymIGEh1Eg7fl_wgGzECXHKqdZFgkoW8LYlPJktmjSc-t67V2O84H7mRmPjTFOv3W8dzxxZnISu97aAS7z3tPS7E1ntEgIHDfs4WEO5FlR72TNsgqslhS9nZ44fvJmQqrMWpCTy/s1600/Peak_Formosa_00005.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqPD-q2vymIGEh1Eg7fl_wgGzECXHKqdZFgkoW8LYlPJktmjSc-t67V2O84H7mRmPjTFOv3W8dzxxZnISu97aAS7z3tPS7E1ntEgIHDfs4WEO5FlR72TNsgqslhS9nZ44fvJmQqrMWpCTy/s1600/Peak_Formosa_00005.jpg" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHXQFdPmLGwUIQqFUcL9br2wCJvhboazSZw2zpHdLdnD44O0EOi6KXIZXOnTsnqkj06eqTG0jvMeW_AT-Q6Si10bTlC1npjPqBdQcN5y3fnYfFpnGLX6sxSR3tiprhGcDm5jE2fgV7LWbZ/s1600/Peak_Formosa_00006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHXQFdPmLGwUIQqFUcL9br2wCJvhboazSZw2zpHdLdnD44O0EOi6KXIZXOnTsnqkj06eqTG0jvMeW_AT-Q6Si10bTlC1npjPqBdQcN5y3fnYfFpnGLX6sxSR3tiprhGcDm5jE2fgV7LWbZ/s1600/Peak_Formosa_00006.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Knife Edge and the Gulley ascent up the false summit beyond</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRmT2NCITmjszWBA4ZChwVZL8QPPSnJRInIJAiT4ROHSNg7QzRO0RVRMjqV4yfeeFuCqVeuW9Xrh1hga6f3jJZdAesX0DP-igmaJlebNB0oOXiNCougkhkRwy1hhdSSK_XGqtk3ubpciz2/s1600/Peak_Formosa_00007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRmT2NCITmjszWBA4ZChwVZL8QPPSnJRInIJAiT4ROHSNg7QzRO0RVRMjqV4yfeeFuCqVeuW9Xrh1hga6f3jJZdAesX0DP-igmaJlebNB0oOXiNCougkhkRwy1hhdSSK_XGqtk3ubpciz2/s1600/Peak_Formosa_00007.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The summit</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggMEAb626IACXibhvWTWq1NMy8nzitNmvUakeQD2XNm1rVLSmnVclySSggg8VOJCkD6BY7IdGLeHGs18jP5VRyfXY9op8yRsDVYDV0iT11vsmDH8rwkjie81eBXWrNm6OILYBHl9uSzJ4V/s1600/Peak_Formosa_00008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggMEAb626IACXibhvWTWq1NMy8nzitNmvUakeQD2XNm1rVLSmnVclySSggg8VOJCkD6BY7IdGLeHGs18jP5VRyfXY9op8yRsDVYDV0iT11vsmDH8rwkjie81eBXWrNm6OILYBHl9uSzJ4V/s1600/Peak_Formosa_00008.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Reading material available on the mountain top</td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> And even more photos: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10161589885350010&type=1&l=49afb8f334">https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10161589885350010&type=1&l=49afb8f334</a></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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Blue Hill Escapehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05912225427352158178noreply@blogger.com0